Illal Al Sharaie - REASONS FOR THE LAWS - Volume 1 - Part 2

Sheikh Muhammad ibn Ali al-Saduq - XKP

Published: 2016

Tag(s): islam qna Question ali muslim laws answers

Chapter   1

The reason due to which Zulqarnain was named as ‘Zulqarnain’ (one with two horns)

In the Name of Allahazwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allahazwj Lordazwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammadsaww and hissaww Purified Progenyasws, and greetings with abundant greetings.

My father said, ‘Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar narrated to me, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Ibn Aban, from Muhammad Bin Arwama, from Al Qasim Bin Urwat, from Bureyd Al Ajaly, from Al Asbagh Bin Nabata who said,

‘Ibn Al-Kawa stood up to Aliasws whilst heasws was upon the Pulpit, so he said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineenasws! Inform me about Zulqarnain, was he as Prophetas or a king? And inform me about his horn, was it of gold or was it from silver?’ So Imamasws said to him: ‘He was neither a king nor a Prophetas, nor was his horn of gold nor of silver, but, he was a righteous servant who loved Allahazwj and Allahazwj Loved him. So he used to advise (people) for the Sake of Allahazwj, so Allahazwj Advised him. But rather, he was named as Zulqarnain (One with two horns), because he invited his people to Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic. So they struck upon his (head and it became like a) horn and he was absent from them for some time. Then he returned to them, but they struck upon his (head and it became like a) other horn. And among you is his example’.1

1 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 37 H 1

Chapter   2

The reason due to which the [25:38] the dwellers of the Al-Rass have been named as the ‘Dwellers of Al-Rass’; and the reason due to which the non-Arabs (Persians) named their months as ‘Maah e Aban’ and ‘Mah e Azar’, and others up to its end.

‘Ahmad Bin Ja’far Al-Hamdany narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Abu Al-Salt Abdul Salaam Bin Salih Al-Harwy,

Aliasws Bin Musa Al-Rezaasws narrated to us, from hisasws fatherasws Musaasws Bin Ja’farasws, from hisasws fatherasws Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws, from hisasws fatherasws Muhammadasws Bin Aliasws, from hisasws fatherasws Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws, from hisasws fatherasws Al-Husaynasws Bin Aliasws having said: ‘A man called Amro came up to Aliasws Bin Abu Talibasws three days before hisasws battle, so he said, ‘O Amir-Al-Momineenasws! Inform me about [25:38] the dwellers of Al-Rass, which era where they in, and where were their dwellings, and from when was their kingdom, and did Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Send a Rasoolas to them or not,

for what were they Destroyed? I have found their Mention in the Book of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic and could not find their news’.

So Amir-Al-Momineenasws said to him: ‘You have asked measws about a Hadeeth which no one before you has asked measws nor will it ever be narrated by anyone from after measws, except from measws. And there is no Verse in the Book of Allahazwj except that Iasws understand it, and understand its explanation, and in which place it was Revealed, from a coast, or a mountain, and in which time from night or day, and over here is the total knowledge’ – and heasws gestured towards hisasws own chest – ‘but seekers are walking around (in misguidance), and only a few would regret it if they were to lose measws.

What was from their stories – O brother Tameem – they were a people who were worshipping the pine tree called ‘Shah Darakht’. It was Yafis Bin Noahas who had planted it upon the verge of a spring called Roushab. It grew for Noahas after the flood. But rather, the dwellers of Al-Rass were called so because they buried their Prophetas in the ground, and that is after Sulaymanas Bin Dawoodas.

They had twelve habitations for them upon the banks of a river called Al-Rass, from the cities of the east, and it is by them that the river was called as such. And in those days there was no river more abundant than it, nor fresher than it, nor a town more populated than these, nor with people of longer life spans than those in it. One of them was called Abaan, and the second one Aazar, and the third one Dayy, and the fourth one Bahman, and the fifth one Isfandaar, and the sixth one Farourdeen, and the seventh Ardayy Behesht, and the eight one Khardaad, and the ninth one Mardaad, and the tenth one Tayr, and the eleventh one Mahar, and the twelfth one Shareywar.

And the biggest of their cities was Isfandaar, and it is the one in which their King had dwelled, and he was called Tarkowz Bin Ghabour Bin Yarish Bin Saazan Bin Namroud Bin Kana’an, Pharaoh at the time of Ibrahimas. And in it was the spring and the pine tree, and in every town they had planted a seed from that pine tree, and made the river to flow from which was the main pine tree. These seeds grew and became big trees, and they prohibited the water of the spring and the river. So they would neither drink from it, nor water their cattle from it. And the one who did that (drank from it) they killed him and they were saying, ‘It is the life of our god, so it is not befitting for anyone that he should reduce its life’. And they and their cattle used to drink from the river Al-Rass, upon which were their towns’.

And made it be a day of Eid, one day in every month of the year, in every town, in which they would gather their families to it (the pine tree), so they would place upon it a thin curtain of silk, which different types of images, then they would bring their sheep and cows. So they would slaughter these as an offering to the (pine) tree, and ignite flames with the wood, and the smoke from these sacrifices would permeate into the atmosphere. So when they would see the smoke rising in the sky, they would fall prostrate to the tree, and they would be wailing and supplicating to it so that it would be pleased with them. So Satanla would come and move its branches and shout as the young boy shouts, ‘I am pleased with you all – my servants – so let your selves be perfumed and your eyes be joyful!’ During that, they would raise their heads and drink the intoxicants and play their musical instruments. And then they would dance around upon that during that day and night, then they would leave.

But rather, the Persians named their months from these, Aban, Aazar, and two others, derived from the names of these towns. Some of them would say to the others, ‘This is the Eid of such and such a month, and Eid of such and such a month, until it was the Eid of the great town, during which their young ones and their older ones would gathers. So they would place upon the pine tree a silk cloth painted with types of images, and make a tent by it with tent doors to it. Each door for the people of a particular town from them, and they would be prostrating to the pine tree. They would come out from their tent, and slaughter their offerings, double what they presented to the pine trees in their own towns. So Ibleesla would come during that, and hela would move the pine tree with an intense shaking, speaking from inside it with a loud speech, and prepare them and promise them more than all the other devils had done so before. So they would raise their heads from the prostrations, and they would be so joyful that they would not wake up from it, nor would they be speaking due to the drinking and the music. So they were doing that over twelve days and nights, the number of the Eids for the rest of the year, then they would leave.

So when their disbelief in Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic and their worshipping others was prolonged, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Sent a Prophetas from the Children of Israel, from the sons of Yahouda Ibn Yaqoubas. So heas remained with them for a lengthy period, calling them to the worship of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, and recognition of Hisazwj Lordship, but they did not follow himas. So when heas saw the intensity of their continuation in the delusion and the deviation, and (no response to) the acceptance of what heas was calling them to, the Guidance and the salvation, and when the Eid of their great town presented itself, heas said: ‘O Lordazwj! Youazwj servants are adamant of belying meas, and denying Youazwj, and they would be leaving early to worship the tree which neither benefits them nor helps. So wither all of their trees and Show them Yourazwj Power and Authority!’

So when the people woke up in the morning, their trees had dried up. So when they saw that, they panicked and became two groups. A group said, ‘Your gods have been bewitched by this manas who claims to be a Rasoolas of the Lordazwj of the sky and the earth to you, in order to divert your attention from your gods towards hisas God’. And a group said, ‘No, but your gods are angry when they saw this man faulting them, who is among you, and is calling you all to the worship of someone else. So they have veiled their beauty and glory so that you may be angered and be victorious over himas’.

So they formed a consensus of opinion for killing himas. They took long tubes of lead with wide openings, then inserted these in the (flowing) spring up to the top of the water, one on top of the other, like the drains, then drained the water, and dug a deep and narrow well, and inserted their Prophetas in it, and placed a great rock upon the entrance of it. Then they took the pipes out from the water and they said, ‘Now we hope that our gods are pleased with us, when they would see that we have killed the one who was among us, and (wanted to) stop us from worshipping them, and we buried himas under the great one, and it would be healed from it, so that its light and its freshness would return to what it used to be.

So they remained for most of the day hearing the groaning of their Prophetas and heas was saying: ‘My Masterazwj! Youazwj have seen the narrowness of myas place, and the severity of myas loneliness. So have Mercy upon the weakness of myas position, and myas helplessness, and hasten the capture of myas soul, and do not delay the Answering of myas supplication’ – until heas died.

So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said to Jibraeelas: “O Jibraeelas! Do these servants of Mine, who are deceived by Myazwj Forbearance, think that they are safe from Myazwj Plan, and they are worshipping other than Meazwj, and they killed Myazwj Rasoolas, that they would be able to withstand Myazwj Wrath, or exit from Myazwj Authority? How? And Iazwj am the Avenger from the one who disobeys Meazwj and does not fear Myazwj Punishment. And Iazwj Swear by Myazwj Might and Myazwj Majestic that Iazwj shall Make them an example and a Punishment for the worlds”.

So they were not terrified by that, and they were in the Eid, except by a stormy wind of intense redness. So they were confused from it, and they panicked from it, and they were joined to each other. Then the earth underneath them became like the sulphuric rock, and they were engulfed by a black cloud. Red embers rained down upon them and their bodies melted like the lead melts in the fire.

Thus, weasws seek Refuge with Allahazwj, elevated is Hisazwj Mention, from Hisazwj Wrath, and the Descent of Hisazwj Curse’.2

2 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 38 H 1

Chapter   3

The reason due to which Yaqoub(as) has been named as ‘Yaqoub’, and reason for the naming of Israel

Ahmad Bin Al Husayn Al Qatan narrated to us, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Sakary, from Muhammad Bin Zakariyya Al Jowhary, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Amara, from his father,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Yaqoubas and Ays were twins. Ays was born, then Yaqoubas was born, so heas was named as Yaqoub because hesaww came out behind (Uqab) hisas brother Ays. And Yaqoubas, heas is Israel, and the meaning of Israel is ‘servant of Allahazwj, because ‘Isra’ is a servant, and ‘Wail’, is Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic’.3

And it has been reported in another news (Hadeeth) that ‘Isra’ is the strength, and ‘Wail’ is Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic. Therefore the meaning of Israel is ‘Strength of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic’.4

Abu Muhammad Abdullah Bin Hamid narrated to us, from Abu Salih Khalaf Bin Muhammad Ibn Ismail Al Khayam Al Bukhary at Bukhara regarding what I read with him, from Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Hamza Al Ansary, from Abdul Rahman Bin Ibrahim Al Damashqy Deheym, from Bishr Bin Bakr Al Nafeysi, form Abu bakr Bin Abu Maryam, from Saeed Ibn Amro Al Ansary, from his father, from Ka’ab Al Ahbar,

In a lengthy Hadeeth in which the Imamasws was saying: ‘But rather the name of Israel is Israel Allahazwj, because Yaqoubas used to serve Bayt Al-Maqdas, and heas used to be the first one to enter and the last one to come out, and heas used to light up the lanterns, and when it was the morning, used to extinguish these.

The Imamasws said: ‘So, one day heas slept the night in a Masjid of Bayt Al-Maqdas, and there was a Jinn extinguishing these (lanterns). So heas seized him, and tied him up in a column in the Masjid. So when it was the morning, heas saw him as still being captivated (Aseer). And the name of the Jinn was ‘Ayl’. Thus Israel was name due to that’.

And the Hadeeth is lengthy, we have taken from it the needed subject matter, and have taken in its entire full lengthy in ‘Kitaab Al Nabuwwat’.5

3 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 39 H 1

4 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 39 H 2

5 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 39 H 3

Chapter   4

The reason due to which the Prophets(as) and the Believers are Indulged in Trials

My father narrated to us, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Sa’ad Abady, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Sama’at Bin Mahran,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘It was in the Book of Aliasws that the most intense of the affliction are upon the Prophetsas, then the successorsas, then in accordance to excellence. But rather, the believer gets Tested in accordance with his good deeds. So the one whose religion is correct, and his deeds are correct, would be most intensely Tested, and that is that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic did not Make the world are a Reward for the Believer, nor as a Punishment for the disbeliever. And the one who’s Religion is absurd, and his deeds are weak, his afflictions would be little. And the afflictions come easier to the pious Believer than the rain does to the slope of the earth’.6

Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil narrated to us, from Abdullah Ibn Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abu Abdullah Al Jamourany, from Al Hassan Bin Abu Hamza, from his father,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Even if the Believer was on top of a mountain, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic would Send a man to him who would hurt him, in order (for Allahazwj) to Recompense him upon that’.7

Hamza Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Kufy, from Ubeydullah Bin Hamdoun, from Al Husayn Bin Naseyr, from Khalid, from Haseyn, from Yahya Bin Abdullah Bin Al Hassan, from his father,

(It has been narrated) from Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws, from hisasws fatherasws having said: ‘Rasool-Allahsaww said: ‘Neither Isaww, nor the ones who were before mesaww, from the Prophetsas and the Believers, have ever ceased to be Tested with the ones who harmed us. Even if the Believer were to be upon the top of a mountain, it is destined that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic would Send to him one who would harm him, so that Heazwj would Recompense him upon that’.

And Amir Al-Momineenasws said: ‘Iasws have never cease to be oppressed since myasws motheras was blessed with measws, to the extent that if Aqeel had sore eyes so he said, ‘Do not sprinkle me (into my eyes) until you sprinkle Aliasws, so they would sprinkle (eye powder) into myasws (eyes) although Iasws was not with sore eyes’.8

6 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 40 H 1

7 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 40 H 2

8 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 40 H 3

Chapter   5

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Tested Yaqoub(as) with the dream in which he(as) saw Yusuf(as) until there flowed from his(as) matters what flowed

Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil narrated to us, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Maalik Bin Atiyya, from Al Sumaly who said,

‘I Prayed with Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws the Dawn Prayer at Al-Medina on the day of Friday. So when heasws was free from hisasws Prayer, and hisasws Glorification, heasws rose to go to hisasws house and I was with himasws’.

So heasws called a maid of hisasws called Sukayna, so heasws said to her: ‘No beggar should cross myasws door except that Iasws should feed him, for today is the day of Friday’. I said to himasws, ‘Not everyone who begs is deserving?’ So Imamasws said: ‘O Sabit! Iasws fear that there would be someone who asks usasws, who is deserving, so weasws do not feed him and return him, so there would befall with usasws what befell the family of Yaqoubas and hisasws Progeny. Feed them, feed them!'

Yaqoubas used to slaughter a ram every day. So heas would give charity from it, and himas and hisas family would eat from it, and that a beggar who was a Believer, a Faster, a deserving one who had a status for himself in the Presence of Allahazwj, and was a stranger, passed by the door of Yaqoubas and knocked upon it during the time of breaking Fast. ‘Feeding a hungry passer-by stranger is from the preferable of your feedings’, he shouted at hisas door repeatedly, and heas was hearing him, and had ignored his right and did not ratify his word. So when he despaired from being fed, and when the night came, he fainted. Then he recalled (what had happened), and complained of his hunger to Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, and slept a long while, and woke up in the morning Fasting, hungry, patient, Praising Allahazwj, whilst Yaqoubas and hisas family slept having satiated their bellies, and in the morning they had left-over from their food.

The Imamasws said: ‘So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto Yaqoubas in the morning of that night: ‘O Yaqoubas! Youas have humiliated Myazwj servant with a humiliation, by which Myazwj Wrath has been Ignited, and Myazwj Punishment has been Obligated due to it, and the descent of Myazwj Consequence, and Myazwj Affliction upon youas and upon youras children.

O Yaqoubas! Youas are the most Beloved of Myazwj Prophetsas to Meazwj, and more prestigious of themas to Meazwj from being merciful to the poor of Myazwj servants, and being close to them and feeding them, and youas have been a shelter and a refuge for them. O Yaqoubas! When Zimyal, Myazwj servant, the diligent in his worshipping Meazwj, the content with the little from the apparent of the world in livelihood, knocked upon youras door yesterday on the eve of the breaking of his Fast, and shouted, ‘Feed the beggar, the stranger, the passer-by, the content’, but youas did not feed him anything. Therefore, he recalled and complained what was with him to Meazwj, and slept with arms folded, Praising Meazwj, and in the morning was Fasting for Meazwj, and youas, O Yaqoubas and youras children were satiated, and in the morning there were left-over from your meal with youas.

Or do youas not know, O Yaqoubas, that the Punishment and Myazwj Affliction upon Myazwj friends is quicker than upon Myazwj enemies, and that is due to the Goodly Consideration from Meazwj to Myazwj friends and the luring from Meazwj to Myazwj enemies. But, by Myazwj Honour, Iazwj will Send down Myazwj Affliction upon youas, and Make youas and youras children be presented to Myazwj difficulties, and will Harm youas with Myazwj Punishment. Therefore, be prepared for Myazwj Afflictions, and be pleased with Myazwj Judgement, and patient upon the difficulties”.

So I said to Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws, ‘May I be sacrificed for youasws! When did Yusufas see the dream?’ So heasws said: ‘During that night which Yaqoubas and hisas Progeny became well fed, and Zamyaal came with arms folded, due to hunger. So when Yusufas saw the dream, and in the morning related it to hisas fatheras Yaqoubas, Yaqoubas was gloomy when heas heard from Yusufas and wept out of grief. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto himsaww: “Be prepared for the affliction”. So Yaqoubas said to Yusufas: ‘Do not related youras dream to youras brothers, for Ias fear that they would plot against you with a plot’. But, Yusufas did not conceal his dream and related it to hisas brothers’.

Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws said: ‘And that was the first affliction which descended upon Yaqoubas and the Progeny of Yaqoub, being the jealousy to Yusufas when they (brothers) heard hisas dream’. So the tenderness of Yaqoubas towards Yusufas increased intensely, and heas feared that what Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic had Revealed from the preparation for the affliction, would take place, and that it was especially regarding Yusufas.

So heas was very affectionate towards himas from among hisas sons. So when hisas brothers saw Yusufas, what Yaqoubas was favouring himas, and honouring himas, and preferring himas over them, it was difficult for them and the affliction began from them. So they agreed the matter in between them and said [12:8] When they said: Certainly Yusuf and his brother are dearer to our father than we are, although there are more of us; surely our father is in manifest error [12:9] Slay Yusuf or cast him out into some land, so that your father's regard may be exclusively for you all, and after that you can become righteous i.e., repentant.

So, at that, they said [12:11] They said: O our father! What is the matter with you that you do not trust in us with respect to Yusuf? And we are his sincere well-wishers [12:12] Send him with us tomorrow that he may enjoy himself and play, and we would be his protectors [12:13] He said: It grieves me that he goes with you all, and I fear lest the wolf devours him while you are heedless from him. So heas was cautious against them that the affliction from Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic should transpire upon Yaqoubas with regards to Yusufas especially, and there occurred love for himas in hisas heart’.

Heasws said: ‘So the Power of Allahazwj and Hisazwj Decree Overcame and Hisazwj Command was Established regarding Yaqoubas and Yusufas and hisas brothers. So Yaqoubas did not have the ability to defend himselfas against the affliction, nor from Yusufas and hisas sons. So heas handed himas over to them, and heas disliked that the affliction from Allahazwj should Occur with regards to Yusufas. So when they went out from their house, heas dashed towards them and snatched himas back from their hands, and embraced himas and cried and then handed himas back to them. Then heas dashed towards them again, but heas feared to take himas back from them, or to hand himas over to them.

So when they were distant with himas, they came over to an orchard of fruit trees, so they said, ‘We should slaughter himas and throw himas underneath this tree, so the wolf would eat himas up during the night’. So the eldest of them said, [12:10] Do not slay Yusuf, and cast him down into the bottom of the well if you must do (it). So they went with himas to the well and threw himas into it, and they were guessing that heas would drown in it. So when heas hit the bottom of the well, heas said: ‘O sons of ‘Rowmein’, convey to Yaqoubas greeting from meas!’ So when they heard hisas speech, they said to each other, ‘Do not go away from here until you know that heas has died’.

So they did not go away from hisas presence until they despaired [12:16] And they came to their father at nightfall, weeping [12:17] They said: O our father! We went off racing and left Yusuf by our provisions, so the wolf devoured him. So when heas heard their speech heas remembered what Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic had Revealed unto himas from the preparation for the affliction. So heas was patient and succumbed to the affliction, and said to them: ‘[12:18] But, your souls have induced the matter for you, and Allahazwj was not going to feed the flesh of Yusufas to the wolf before he saw the true interpretation of hisas dream’.

Abu Hamza said, ‘Then Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws cut-off the Hadeeth over here’.

‘So when it was the next morning I went to himasws and said to himasws, ‘May I be sacrificed for youasws! Youasws narrated to me a Hadeeth yesterday, the Hadeeth of Yaqoubas and hisas sons, then cut it off. So what was the story of the brothers of Yusufas and the story of Yusufas after that?’

So heasws said: ‘When it was the morning they said, ‘Let us go and see what is the condition of Yusufas. Is heas dead, or is heas alive?’ So when they ended up at the well and found travellers present at the well, and they had sent their water-drawer around it who cast his bucket. So there was a boy attached to his bucket. So he said to his companions [12:19] He said: O good news! This is a boy. So when they took himas out, the brothers of Yusufas came face to face with them, so they said, ‘This is our slave who had fallen down in this well yesterday, and we have come today to take himas out’. So they snatched himas from their hands, and placed himas by the side. So they said, ‘Either youasws accept that youas are our slave, so we can sell you to one of these travellers, or kill youas?’ So Yusufas said to them: ‘Do not kill meas, and Ias will do whatever you like’.

So they faced towards the travellers and said, ‘Whom from among you would like to buy from us this slave?’ So a man from them bought himas for twenty Dirhams. And hisas brothers [12:20] attached no value for him. And the Bedouin who bought him went with himas to Egypt. So the king of Egypt bought himas from the Bedouin, and these are the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [12:21] And the Egyptian who bought him said to his wife: Give him an honourable abode, maybe he will be of benefit to us, or we may adopt him as a son’.

Abu Hamza said, ‘So I said to Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws, ‘How old was Yusufas the day heas was thrown into the well?’ So heasws said: ‘Heas was nine years old’. So I said, ‘How much distance was there between the house of Yaqoubas and Egypt, in those days?’ Heasws said: ‘Travel distance of twelve days’.

Heasws said: ‘And Yusufas was the most handsome of the people of hisas era. So when the wife of the king tried to seduce Yusufas, heas said to her: ‘Ias seek Refuge with Allahazwj! Ias am from a People of the Household who do not commit adultery’. So she locked the doors on herself and him, and she said, ‘Do not fear’. And she threw herself at himas. So heas eluded her running towards the door. So heas opened it, and she reached out to himas and grabbed hisas shirt from behind himas and took it out from himas. So Yusufas escaped from her in hisas clothes [12:25] and they met her Master at the door. She said: What is the recompense of him who intends evil to your wife except for imprisonment or a painful punishment? Thinking that the king would punish Yusufas.

So Yusufas said to him: ‘By the God of Yaqoubas! Ias did not intend evil with your wife, but she desired me for herself. So ask this child, does anyone seduce his owner for himself?’ Heasws said: ‘And with her was a child from her family who had visited her. So Allahazwj Made the child speak in a decisive judgement, so he said, ‘O you king! Look at the shirt of Yusufas. So if it is torn from its front, so heas is the one who desired her, and if it is torn from its behind, so she is the one who desired himas’.

So when the king heard the speech of the child and what he had related, that terrified him with intense terror. So he went to the shirt and looked at it. So when he saw that it was torn from its behind, he said to her [12:28] Surely it is a plot of you women; surely your plot is grievous. And he said to Yusufas [12:29] Yusuf! Turn aside from this, and do not let anyone hear about this from youas’.

Heasws said: ‘But news regarding Yusufas did not remain hidden, and it was broadcasted in the city until the women from it said [12:30] The chief’s wife seduces her youth (slave) to yield himself. So that reached her, so she sent for them, and prepared for them food and a gathering. Then she gave them a lemon, and gave each one of them a knife. Then she said to Yusufas [12:31] Come out to them. So when they saw him, they deemed him great, and cut their hands (in amazement) and they said what they said. So she said to them [12:32] She said: This is he with respect to whom you blamed me meaning being in hisas love.

And the women went out from her presence. So she sent for each one of them to go to Yusufas secretly from her companion to ask for a visitation, but he refused them, and said: [12:33] and if You do not Turn away their plots from me, I would feel like yearning towards them and become from the ignorant ones. Therefore, Allahazwj Turned their plots away from himas.

So when the matter of Yusufas and the wife of the ruler of Egypt became widespread among the women of Egypt, the king, after having the speech of the child, began the imprisonment of Yusufas. So he imprisoned himas in the prison, and included with Yusufas in the prison, two youths. And the story of these two, and the story of Yusufas is what Allahazwj has Related in the Book’.

Abu Hamza said, ‘Then Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws cut-off the Hadeeth’.9

9 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 41 H 1

Chapter   6

The reason due to which the brothers of Yusuf(as) said to Yusuf(as) [12:77] If he has stolen, so a brother of his did indeed steal before

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Muzaffar Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Masoud, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Ubeydullah Al Alawy, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Alawy Al Amary, from Ismail Bin Hamam who said,

‘Al-Rezaasws said regarding the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [12:77] They said: If he has stolen, so a brother of his did indeed steal before; but Yusuf kept it secret in his heart and did not disclose it to them. Heasws said: ‘Ishaqas used to have a belt which was inherited by the great Prophetsas, and it was in the possession of an aunt of Yusufas, and Yusufas was (living) with her, and she used to love himas. (One day) hisas fatheras sent a message to her: ‘Send himas over to meas, and Ias would return himas back to you’.

So she send a message to himas, ‘Leave him in my presence for the night so that I can smell hisas aroma, then I shall send him to youas in the morning’. So when it was the morning, she took the belt and attached it to himas and made himas to wear a shirt and send it with himas to himas, and said, ‘The belt was stolen and it was found to be upon himas’. And it was so in that era, that if a thief were to steal, he would get handed over to the owner of the property, and he would be his slave’.10

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Muzaffar Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa who said,

‘I heard Aliasws Bin Musa Al-Rezaasws saying: ‘It was the law among the Children of Israel, if anyone stole anything, he would get stolen due to it (become a slave to the victim). And Yusufas was (living) with hisas aunt, and heas was small, and she used to love himas, and Is’haqas had a belt which hisas fatheras used to wear (sometimes), and it was in the possession of hisas daughter.

And Yaqoubas sought Yusufas from hisas aunt, so she was aggrieved due to that and said to himas, ‘Leave himas until I send himas to youas’. So she sent himas, and took the belt and tied it around hisas waist, under the clothes. So when Yusufas came to hisas fatheras, she came over and said, ‘The belt has been stolen!’ So heas looked for it and found it to be in hisas waist. Thus, it was due to that, that the brothers of Yusufas, where the (king’s) bowl was made to be in the bag of hisas brother [12:77] If he has stolen, so a brother of his did indeed steal before.

So Yusufas said to them: ‘What is the recompense of the one in whose ride it would be found to be’. They said, ‘It would be his recompense’ – in accordance to the Sunnah which had flowed to be among them. So heas began by their bags before the bag of hisas brother. Then heas took it out from the bag of hisas brother (Benyamin), and it is due to that, that the brothers of Yusufas said [12:77] If he has stolen, so a brother of his did indeed steal before – meaning the belt, but Yusuf kept it secret in his heart and did not disclose it to them’.11

10 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 42 H 1

11 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 42 H 2

Chapter   7

The reason due to which the caller called out to the caravan in which were the brothers of Yusuf(as) [12:70] O caravan! You are stealing

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Muzaffar Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Ibrahim Bin Ali, from Ibrahim Ibn Is’haq, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said,

‘I heard Abu Ja’farasws saying: ‘There is no goodness for the one who had no dissimulation to him, and Yusufas had said [12:70] O caravan! You are stealing! And they had not stolen’.12

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Muzaffar Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at, from Abu Baseer who said,

‘Abu Abdullahasws said: ‘The dissimulation is the Religion of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic’. I said, ‘From the Religion of Allahazwj?’ So heasws said: ‘Yes, by Allahazwj, from the Religion of Allahazwj. and Yusufas had said [12:70] O caravan! You are stealing! By Allahazwj! They had not stolen anything’.13

My father narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Muhamamd Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws regarding the words of Yusufas [12:70] O caravan! You are stealing. Heasws said: ‘They had not stolen, and heas had not lied’.14

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Nahawandy, from Salih Bin Saeed, from a man from our companions,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws, said, ‘I asked himasws about the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic regarding Yusufas [12:70] O caravan! You are stealing. Heasws said: ‘They had stolen Yusufas from his father. Do you not see that heas said to them, where they said facing himas [12:71] What is it that you are missing? [12:72] They said: We miss the king's drinking cup, and they did not say, ‘You stole the king’s drinking cup’. But rather, it means, ‘You stole Yusufas from hisas fatheras’.15

12 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 43 H 1

13 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 43 H 2

14 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 43 H 3

15 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 43 H 4

Chapter   8

The reason due to which Yaqoub(as) said to his(as) sons [12:87] O my sons! Go and inquire respecting Yusuf and his brother

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Al Muzaffar Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Abbas Bin Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Hanan Bin Sudeyr, from his father who said,

‘I said to Abu Ja’farasws, ‘Inform me about the words of Yaqoubas to hisas sons: [12:87] O my sons! Go and inquire respecting Yusuf and his brother, Did heas know that heas was alive, and there was a separation of twenty years between them?’ The Imamasws said: ‘Yes’. I said, ‘How did heas know?’ Heasws said: ‘Heas supplicated before dawn and asked Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic that heazwj should Send down to himas the Angel of Death. So Biryaal descended unto himas, and he is the Angel of Death. So Biryaal said to himas: ‘What is youras need, O Yaqoubas?’ Heas said: ‘Inform me about the souls. Do you capture them altogether or separately?’ He said, ‘But, I capture them separately, soul by soul’. Heas said to him: ‘So inform me, Did you come across the soul of Yusufas in what you have passed by?’ He said: ‘No’. Thus, Yaqoubas came to know that heas was alive. So, due to that heas said “[12:87] O my sons! Go and inquire respecting Yusuf and his brother”.16

16 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 44 H 1

Chapter   9

The reason due to which Yaqoub(as) found the aroma of Yusuf(as) from a travel distance of ten days

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Abbas Bin Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Al Bilad, from the one who mentioned it,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The shirt was the one which (Jibraeelas) descended with upon Ibrahimas, from the Paradise, in a silver container, and when heas wore it, it expanded to be bigger (to fit himas). So when (the caravan) travelled, and Yaqoubas was at Ramla, and Yusufas was in Egypt, Yaqoubas said [12:94] Surely I find the aroma of Yusuf – meaning the aroma from the Paradise, when (the caravan) travelled with the shirt, because it was from the Paradise’.17

And by this chain, from Al iBin Mahziyar, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Siraj, from Bishr Bin Ja’far, from Mufazzal Al Ju’fy,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws, (the narrator says), ‘I heard Abu Abdullahasws saying: ‘Do you know what was the shirt of Yusufas?’ I said, ‘No’. When the fire was kindled for Ibrahimas, Jibraeelas came down with a cloth, from the clothes of the Paradise. With it, neither the heat, nor the cold affected himas adversely. When death presented itself to Ibrahimas, heas made an amulet out of it and attached it on Is’haqas, and Is’haqas attached it on Yaqoubas. When Yusufas came to this world, heas attached it on himas, and it was in hisas upper arm until the matter transpired what it did.

When Yusufas was in Egypt, heas brought out the shirt from the amulet, Yaqoubas found its aroma. These are the Words of Allahazwj the High [12:94] Surely I find the aroma of Yusuf, unless you pronounce me to be weak minded, for that was the shirt which had come down from the Paradise’. I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for youasws, to whom has this shirt gone to?’ The Imamasws said: ‘To it’s (Ahl) worthy personas’. Then said: ‘All Prophetsas inherited hisas knowledge, and other (things) and it then came to Muhammadsaww and the Peopleasws of hisazwj Household’.18

My father narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hafs brother of Marazim,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws regarding the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [12:94] And when the caravan departed, their father said: Surely I find the aroma of Yusuf, unless you pronounce me to be weak minded. The Imamasws said: ‘Yaqoubas found the aroma of the shirt of Ibrahimas when the caravan departed from Egypt, and heas was at Palestine’.19

17 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 45 H 1

18 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 45 H 2

19 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 45 H 3

Chapter   10

The reason due to which Yusuf(as) said to his(as) brothers [12:92] He said: (There shall be) no reproach against you this day for the time; and Yaqoub(as) said to them [12:98] He said: Soon I will ask for your Forgiveness from my Lord

Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Talaqany narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed Al Hamdany, a slave of the Clan of Hashim as, from Al Munzar Bin Muhammad, from Ismail Bin Ibrahim Al Khazaz, from Ismail Bin Al Fazal Al Hashimy who said,

‘I said to Ja’far Ibn Muhammadasws, ‘Inform me about Yaqoubas, when hisas sons said to himas, ‘[12:97] They said: O our father! Seek Forgiveness for our sins for us, surely we were erroneous [12:98] He said: Soon I will ask for your Forgiveness from my Lord. So heas delayed the seeking of Forgiveness for them. And Yusufas, when they said to himas, [12:91] By Allah! Now has Allah certainly Preferred you over us, and we were erroneous. [12:92] He said: (There shall be) no reproach against you this day; May Allah Forgive you, and He is the most Merciful of the merciful’.

The Imamasws said: ‘Because the heart of the young (person) is softer than a heart of the old, and the crime of the children of Yaqoubas was against Yusufas, and rather their crime against Yaqoubas was their crime against Yusufas, therefore Yusufas hastened to pardon from hisas right, and Yaqoubas delayed the pardoning because it was the right of someone else. Thus, heas delayed them till the night of Friday.20

20 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 46 H 1

Chapter   11

The reason due to which a Prophet(as) did not come out from the offspring of Yusuf(as)

My father said, ‘Ahmad Bin Idrees amd Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar narrated to us, from Muhammd Bin Ahmad Bin Yahya, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from someone else,

(The narrator) raising it to Abu Abdullahasws having said: ‘When Yusufas met up with Yaqoubas, Yaqoubas walked over to himas, and Yusufas did not walk over to himas (to welcome). So theyas had not even separated from hugging each other, when Jibraeelas came to himas and said to himas: ‘O Yusufas! The truthful walked over to youas, and youas did not walk over to himas. Extend youras hand!’ So heas extended it, there came out a Light from hisas palm. So Yusufas said to himas: ‘What is this?’ Heas said: ‘This is a Sign that there will not be coming out from youras posterity, a Prophetas, as a Punishment’.21

Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Ibn Al Hassan Bin Aban, from Muhammad Bin Awrama, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘When Yaqoubas came over to Egypt, Yusufas came out to welcome himas. So when Yusufas saw himas, heas wanted to dismount and walk over to himas. Then heas considered to what (state) heas was in, from the kingdom, so heas did not do it.

So when heas greeted Yaqoubas, Jibraeelas descended unto himas and said to himas: ‘O Yusufas! Allahazwj Blessed and High is Saying to youas: “Nothing prevented youas from descending to Myazwj righteous servant, except for what (state) youas were in, therefore extend youras hand!” So heas extended it, and there came out a Light from in between hisas fingers. So heas said to himas: ‘What is this, O Jibraeelas?’ So heas said: ‘This is a Sign that there will not be coming out from youras posterity, a Prophetas, ever, as a Punishment for youas due to what youas have done with Yaqoubas, when youas did not descend to himas (out of respect of youras fatheras).22

21 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 47 H 1

22 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 47 H 2

Chapter   12

The reason due to which Yusuf(as) married Zuleykha

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from the one who mentioned it,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws having said: ‘Zuleykha sought permission to (see) Yusufas, so it was said to her, ‘We dislike that we should proceed with you to himas because of what was from you to himas’ - (She had himas imprisoned before). She said, ‘I do not fear the one who fears Allahazwj’.

So when she came over, heas said to her: ‘O Zuleykha! What is the matter that Ias see your colour to have changed?’ She said, ‘The Praise is for Allahazwj Who Made the kings to be slaves due to their disobedience, and Made the slave to be a king due to hisas obedience to Himazwj.

Heas said: ‘What invited you to meas, O Zuleykha, after what had transpired from you?’ She said, ‘The beauty of youras face, O Yusufas! So heas said: ‘How would it be if you were to see a Prophetas called Muhammadsaww who would happen to be at the end of the times, more handsome than meas of face, and more beautiful than meas of manners, and more generous than meas of hand (in giving)’. She said, ‘Youas have spoken the truth’. Heas said: ‘And how do you know that Ias have spoken the truth’. She said, ‘Because when youas mentioned himsaww, love for himsaww occurred in my heart’. Therefore, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto Yusufas: “She is speaking the truth and that Iazwj have Loved her due to her love for Muhammadsaww”. And so Allahazwj Blessed and High Commanded himas to marry her’.23

23 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 48 H 1

Chapter   13

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Chose Musa(as) to Speak to besides His(azwj) (other) creatures

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to me, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Ali Bin Yaqteen, from a man,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’farasws having said: ‘Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto Musaas: “Do youas know why Iazwj Chose youas to Speak to besides Myazwj (other) creatures?’ So Musaas said: ‘No, O Lordazwj!’ So Heazwj Said: “O Musaas! Iazwj Turned (Considered) the apparent of Myazwj servants for the hidden, so Iazwj did not Find among them anyone more humble to Meazwj than youas. O Musaas! Youas, when youas Pray, place youras cheeks upon the dust”.24

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Is’haq Bin Amaar who said,

‘I heard Abu Abdullahasws saying: ‘The Relevation was Withheld from Musaas for forty to thirty mornings. So heas ascended upon a mountain at Syria called Areyha. Heas said: ‘O Lordazwj! If Youazwj have Withheld Yourazwj Revelation and Yourazwj Speech from meas due to the sins of the Children of Israel, so Youazwj have always been Forgiving them’. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto himas: “O Musa Bin Imranas! Do youas know why Iazwj Chose youas for Myazwj Revelation and Myazwj Speech besides Myazwj (other) creatures?” So heas said: ‘Ias do not know, O Lordazwj! Considered Myazwj creatures with a Consideration, but Iazwj did not Find among Myazwj creatures anyone who was more humble to Meazwj than youas, that is why Iazwj Chose youas for Myazwj Revelation and Myazwj Speech from between Myazwj creatures”.

The Imamasws said: ‘Whenever Musaas used to Pray, never finished until heas had placed hisas right and left cheek upon the ground’.25

24 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 50 H 1

25 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 50 H 2

Chapter   14

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Made Musa(as) be a servant of Shuayb(as)

Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Talaqany narrated to us, from Abu Hafs Umar Bin Yusuf Bin Suleyman Bin Al Rayan, from Al Qasim Bin Ibrahim Al Raqy, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Mahdy Al Raqy, from Abdul Razzaq, from Moamar, from Al Zuhry, from Anas who said,

‘Rasool-Allahsaww said: ‘Shuaybas cried from the love of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic until he was blinded. So Allahazwj Returned his eyesight. Then heas cried until heas was blinded. So Allahazwj Returned hisas eyesight. Then heas cried until heas was blinded. So Allahazwj Returned hisas eyesight. So when heas was in the fourt time, Allahazwj Revealed unto himas: “O Shuaybas! Until when will this be happening from youas? If this is happening out of fear from the Fire, so Iazwj have Requited youas, and if this is from the desire for the Paradise, so Iazwj have Endowed it to youas”.

So heas said: ‘Myas God, and myas Master! Youazwj Know that Ias am not crying out of fear from Yourazwj Fire, nor out of desire to be in Yourazwj Paradise, but Ias contracted Yourazwj love upon myas heart. Thus, Ias have no patience upon seeing Youazwj’. So Allahazwj, Majestic is Hisazwj Majesty Revealed unto himsa: “But if this is so, for this Iazwj would Make Myazwj Speaker Musaas Bin Imranas to serve youas’.26

26 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 51 H 1

Chapter   15

The reason due to which Pharaoh(la) did not kill Musa(as) when he(la) said [40:26] Leave me alone that I may slay Musa

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Ali Bin Asbat, from Ismail Bin Mansour Abu Ziyad, from a man,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws regarding the words of Pharaohla [40:26] Leave me alone that I may slay Musa, who was it that prevented himla?’

Heasws said: ‘Hisla correct birth prevented himas. None shall kill the Prophetsas nor the children of the Prophetsas except for the children (born of) adultery’.27

Abdul Wahid Muhammad Bin Abdous Al Neyshapouri Al Ataar narrated to us, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Quteyba, from Hamdan Bin Suleyman Al Neyshapouri, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al Hamdany who said,

‘I said to Al-Hassan Al-Rezaasws, ‘For which reason did Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Drown Pharaohla, and hela had believed in Himazwj and accepted Hisazwj Oneness?’ Heasws said: ‘Because hela believed when hela saw the evil (Punishment), and the belief when one sees the evil (Punishment) is not Acceptable. That is the Judgement of Allahazwj the High regarding the ancestors and the posterities. Allahazwj the High Says [40:84] But when they saw Our Punishment, they said: We believe in Allah alone and we deny what we used to associate with Him. [40:85] But their belief was not going to profit them when they had seen Our Punishment’.

And Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said [6:158] On the Day when some of the Signs of your Lord shall come, its faith shall not profit a soul which did not believe before, or earn good through its faith. And this is what Pharaohla said [10:90] I believe that there is no god but He in Whom the Children of Israel believe and I am of those who are submitters [10:91] What! Now! And you had disobeyed before and you were of the mischief-makers [10:92] But this day We will Rescue you with your body that you may be a sign to those (who will come) after you.

And Pharaohla was clad in iron from head to toe upon hisla body. So when hela drowned, Allahazwj Cast himla upon a high part of the land, with hisla body, so that it would be a Sign for the ones after himla so that they would see himla to be upon a high part of the land with the iron, and that the iron is heavy and (with it) hela should not have been upon the high ground. So that was a Sign and a pointer.

And another reason from Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic to Drown Pharaohla that hela cried out for help to Musaas and did not cry out to Allahazwj. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto himas: “O Musaas! Youas did not come to the help of Pharaohla because youas did not create himla, but had hela cried out to Meazwj, Iazwj would have Helped himla”.28

27 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 52 H 1

28 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 53 H 2

Chapter   16

The reason due to which Al-Khizr(as) was named as ‘Khizr’, and the reasons for what angered Musa(as) from the breaking of the ship, and the killing of the boy, and the straightening of the wall

Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Qatan narrated to us, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Sakry, from Muhammad Bin Zakariyya Al Jowhary Al Basry, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Amaara, from his father,

(It has been narrated) from Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws having said: ‘Al-Khizras was a Mursil Prophetas. Allahazwj Blessed and High Sent himas to hisas people, so heas called them to Hisazwj Oneness and the acceptance of Hisazwj Prophetsas, and Hisazwj Rasoolsas, and Hisazwj Books. And hisas miracle was that heas neither used to sit upon dry wood, nor white ground (unproductive land), except that it blossomed as green. But rather, heas was named as ‘Khizr’ (green) due to that, and that hisas name was Baliya Bin Malkan Bin Aabir Bin Ar Fakhshad Ibn Saam Bin Noahas.

And when Allahazwj Spoke to Musaas with a Speech, and Revealed the Torah unto himas, and Prescribed for himas in the Tablets with everything, Advice and detail of everything, and Made a miracle to be in hisas hand and hisas staff, and in the flood, and the locusts, and the lice, and the frogs, and the blood, and the splitting of the sea. And Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Drowned Pharaohla and hisla army, and heas performed these among the people, until heas thought to himselfas: ‘Ias have not seen a creature whom Allahazwj has Created, to be more knowledgeable than meas’.

So, Allahazwj Revealed unto Jibraeelas: “O Jibraeelas! Go to Myazwj servant Musaas before heas gets destroyed, and say to himas that at the meeting of the two seas there is a worshipping man, so follow himas and learn from himas”. So Jibraeelas descended unto Musaas with what hisas Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic had been Commanded with. So Musaas knew that it was due to what heas had thought to himselfas.

So heas and hisas attendant Yoshua Bin Noonas went unto theyas ended up at the meeting of the two seas. So they found over there Al-Khizras worshipping Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic just as Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic has Said in Hisazwj Book [18:65] Then they found a servant from Our servants whom We had Granted Mercy from Us and whom We had Taught knowledge from Ourselves. [18:66] Musa said to him: Shall I follow you on condition that you should teach me right Knowledge from what you have been Taught? [18:67] He said: Surely you cannot have patience with me because Ias have been Allocated a Knowledge which youas do not have the strength (to bear), and youas have been Allocated with a Knowledge which Ias cannot bear’.

Musaas said to himas: ‘But, Ias will be able to be patient with youas’. So Al-Khizr said: ‘There is no scope for analogy in the Knowledge of Allahazwj and Hisazwj Commandments, [18:68] And how can you have patience upon that of which you have not got any news of? [18:69] He said: If Allah so desires it, you will find me patient and I shall not disobey you in any matter. So when Allahazwj’s Desire was made to be an exclusion, heas walked with himas. [18:70] He said: If you would follow me, so you will not question me about anything until I myself narrate to you with a mention. So Musaas said: ‘So that is (binding) upon meas’.

So theyas went until when they rod in the ship, so Al-Khizras made a hole in it. So Musaas said to himas [18:71] Have you made a hole in it to drown its inmates? Certainly you have done a grievous thing So Al-Khizras said to himas [18:72] Did I not say that you will not be able to have patience with me? Musaas said: [18:73] Do not hold me with what I forgot, and do not constrain me to a difficult thing in my affair’.

So theyas went until when they met a young boy. So Al-Khizras killed him. So Musaas got angry and grabbed hisas robe and said to himas: [18:74] Have you slayed an innocent person who has slayed no one? Certainly you have done an evil thing So Al-Khizras said: [18:75] He said: Did I not say to you that you will not be able to have patience with me? Musaas [18:76] He said: If I ask you about anything after this, do not keep me in your company; indeed you shall have (then) found an excuse in my case’.

[18:77] So they went on until when they came to the people of a town and it is Nazareth, and the Christians had been established there and would feed its people and would not feed but they refused to entertain them as guests. So theyas found a wall therein about to fall down, so Al-Khizras placed hisas hands upon it and straightened it. So Musaas said to himas: ‘If you had so desired to, you could have taken a recompense for it’.

So Al-Khizras said to himas [18:78] This shall be separation between me and you; now I will inform you of the explanation of what with you did not have patience upon [18:79] As for the boat, it belonged to (some) poor men who worked on the river and I intended that I should damage it, as there was behind them a king who seized every good boat by force. Thus, Ias intended with what Ias did that it whould remain for them, and the king would not usurp it from them’. So, heas established the selflessness to himselfas when heas mentioned the damaging – ‘because Ias intended that Ias should damage it in the presence of the king, when he witnessed it, so he would not usurp it from the poor people. And Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Intended to Correct their affairs with what Heazwj Commanded with from that.

Then heas said: ‘[18:80] And as for the boy, his parents were Believers, and he was a disbeliever, and Allahazwj, Elevated is Hisazwj Mention Knew that if he were to remain, he would turn his parents into disbelievers, and stray them both with a straying. Therefore, Allahazwj, Elevated is Hisazwj Mentioned, Commanded meas to kill him, and Ias intended with that to transfer them both to a place of prestige in the Hereafter’. So heas included himselfas by hisas words: ‘[18:80] and we feared lest he should make disobedience and ingratitude to come upon them [18:81] So we desired that their Lord might Give them in his place one better than him in purity and nearer to having compassion.

But rather, heas included himselfas in the act, because heas feared and Allahazwj does not Fear, because nothing is missed by Himazwj not is anything Prevented from Hisazwj Will. But rather, Al-Khizras (was the one who) feared, what might transpire between himselfas and regarding what heas had been Commanded with, and that heas would not see the Rewards regarding it. And it occurred in himselfas that Allahazwj, Elevated is Hisazwj mentioned, Made himas to be a cause for the Mercy of the parents of the boy. Thus, heas worked the middle course of the matter from the humanity (point of view), similar to what was the deed with regards to Musaas, because heas became an informed one during that time, and the speaker with Allahazwj was Musaas, an informed one, and that does not make Al-Khizras to be more deserving in rank over Musaas, and heas is higher than Al-Khizras, but heas was more deserving (in rank) for the clarification (of the three issues)’.

[18:82] And as for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys in the city, and there was beneath it a treasure belonging to them, and their father was a righteous man. And that was neither a treasure of gold, nor silver, but it was a Tablet of gold in which was inscribed: ‘Strange, how the one who is convinced of the death, how he can be happy? Strange, how the one who is convinced of the Pre-destination how he can grieve? Strange, how the one who is convinced of the resurrection being the Truth, how he can be unjust? Strange, how the one who sees the world and the changing of the conditions of its people from a state, after a state, how he can rely upon these?’

[18:82] and their father was a righteous man – There was in between the two of them and this righteous father, seventy forefathers, therefore Allahazwj had Protected (the treasure) for the two of them due to his righteousness. Then heas (Al-Khizras) so your Lord Intended that they should attain their maturity and take out their treasure. So heas disassociated himselfas at the end of the story, and linked the whole of the intention to Allahazwj, Elevated is Hisazwj Mention, with regards to that, because there did not remain anything from what heas had done for himas to inform about it afterwards. And Musaas came to be informed with it, listening to hisas subordinate, following himas, so that heas would empty himselfas from the selfishness and become a sincere servant.

Then heas (Al-Khizras) repudiated from what came to himas from linking himselfas in the first part of the story ([18:79] I intended that I should damage it), and from claiming of the association during the second story ([18:81] So we desired). So heas said: [18:82] a Mercy from your Lord, and I did not do it of my own accord. That is the explanation of what you did not have patience upon’.

Then Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws said: ‘The Commands of Allahazwj cannot be borne upon the analogies, and the one who carries the Commands of Allahazwj upon the analogies is destroyed and will (cause others to be) destroyed. The first disobedience which manifested the selfishness was from Ibleesas the Accursed, when Allahazwj Commanded the Angels with the Prostration to Adamas, so they Prostrated, and Ibleesla the Accursed refused to Prostrate.

So the Mighty and Majestic Said: “[7:12] He Said: What prevented you so that you did not prostrate when I Commanded you? He said: I am better than he is: You have Created me of fire, while him You created of clay. So the first disbelief were hisla words I am better than he is. Then hela analogized by hisla words You have Created me of fire, while him You created of clay. Therefore Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Expelled himla from Hisazwj Vicinity, and Cursed himla, and Named himla as a ‘Pelted One’, and Swore by Hisazwj Honour that no one would analogise in Hisazwj Religion except that Heazwj would Pair him with Ibleesla in the lowest level in the Fire’.29

29 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 54 H 1

Chapter   17

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) the High Said to Musaas [20:12] so put off your shoes; and the reason for the words of Musaas [20:27] And Loosen the knot from my tongue [20:28] (That) they may understand my speech

Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Nasr Al Bukhary Al Maqry narrated, from Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, the jurist at Farghana, by a chain linked to

Al-Sadiq Ja’far Bin Muhammadasws having said: ‘With regards to the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic to Musaas “[20:12] so put off your shoes”, said: ‘It Means, ‘Raise youras fear’, meaning the loss of hisas family, and heas had left them behind as a result, and hisas fear from Pharaohla’.30

30 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 55 H 2

Chapter   18

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Said to Haroun(as) [20:43] Go both to Pharaoh, surely he has transgressed [20:44] Then speak to him a gentle word perhaps he may mind or fear

Al Haakim Abu Muhammad Ja’far Bin Shazan Al Nayshapouri narrated to us, from his uncle Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Shazaan, from Al Fazal Bin Shazaan, from Muhammad Ibn Abu Umeyr who said,

‘I said to Musaasws Bin Ja’farasws, ‘Inform me about the words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic to Musaas and Harounas [20:43] Go both to Pharaoh, surely he has transgressed [20:44] Then speak to him a gentle word perhaps he may mind or fear? So heasws said: ‘As for Hisazwj Words [20:44] Then speak to him a gentle word, i.e., by hisla teknonym, and say to himla: ‘O Abu Mas’ab!’ And the name of Pharaohla was Abu Mas’ab Al-Waleed Bin Mas’ab.

And as for Hisazwj Words perhaps he may mind or fear – so, rather Heazwj Said it for there to be surety for Musaas upon the going (to Pharaohla). And Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Knew that Pharaohla will neither mind nor fear except when hela sees the Punishment. Have you not heard Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Saying [10:90] until when drowning overtook him, he said: I believe that there is no god but He in Whom the Children of Israel believe and I am of those who are submitters. But, Allahazwj did not Accept hisla belief, and Said [10:91] What! Now! And you had disobeyed before and you were of the mischief-makers’.31

31 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 56 H 1

Chapter   19

The reason due to which Haroun(as) said to Musa(as) [20:94] He said: O son of my mother! Seize me not by my beard nor by my head, and why he(as) did not say: ‘O son of my(as) father(as)’

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Shaybani, and Al Husayn Bin Ibrahim Bin Ahmad Bin Hisham narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy Al Asady, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhai’e, from his uncle Al Husayn Bin Zayd Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Saalim, from his father who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullahasws, ‘Inform me about Harounas. Why did heas say to Musaas [20:94] He said: O son of my mother! Seize me not by my beard nor by my head. Why did heas not say: ‘O son of myas fatheras?’

So heasws said: ‘The enmity is a lot more between brothers if they happen to be from different mothers, and when they are from one mother, the enmity in between them is less, except when the Satanla creates misunderstandings in between them, so they (end up) following himla. Thus, Harounas said to hisas brotheras Musaas: ‘O myas brotheras who was given birth by myas mother, and was not given birth by another mother, so Seize me not by my beard nor by my head. And heas did not say: ‘O sonas of myas fatheras’, because if there are of different mothers, the enmity does not end in between them except for the whom Allahazwj Protects. But rather, the enmity ends in between the sons of one mother.

(The narrator) said, ‘I said to himasws, ‘So why did heas seize himas by hisas head and dragged by hisas beard, and there was not for himas any sin when they (people) took to the worshipping of the calf?’ So the Imamasws said: ‘But rather, heas did that with himas because heas did not separate from them when they did that, and did not attach himselfas with Musaas. And when heas did separate from them the Punishment descended upon them. Do you not see that Musaas said to himas [20:92] (Musa) said: O Haroun! What prevented you, when you saw them going astray [20:93] So that you did not follow me? So you disobeyed my order?. Harounas said: ‘Had Ias done that, they would have been divided, and I was afraid lest you should say: You have caused a division among the Children of Israel and did not wait for my word’.32

32 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 58 H 1

Chapter   20

The reason due to which the hunting (fishing) was Prohibited upon the Jews on the day of Saturday

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Al Hajal, from Ali Bin Uqba, from a man,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The Jews were Commanded with the fishing on the Day of Friday, so they neglected the day of Friday and fished on the day of Saturday, therefore the fishing was Prohibited to them on the day of Saturday’.33

33 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 59 H 1

Chapter   21

The reason due to which Pharaoh(la) was named as [89:10] And (with) Pharaoh, the one with the of hosts

Al Husayn Bin Ibahim Bin Ahmad Bin Hisham Al Mowdab Al Razy narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Aban Al Ahmar who said,

‘I asked Abu Abdullahasws about the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [89:10] And (with) Firon, the lord of hosts (Al-Awtaad), for which thing hela is Called ‘Zi Al-Awtaad’? Heasws said: ‘Because hela has tortured a man rolling him on the ground upon his face, and extended his hands and legs and pegged these with four pegs in the ground, and unrolled him upon a flat piece of wood, pegged his legs and hand with four pegs. Then hela left him on his condition until he died. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Called Firawn ‘Zi Al-Awtaad’ (One with pegs), for that’.34

34 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 60 H 1

Chapter   22

The reason due to which Musa(as) coveted the death, and the reason due to which his(as) grave is not recognised (unknown)

My father narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The Angel of death came to Musaas Bin Imranas. So heas greeted him and said: ‘Who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the Angel of Death’. So heas said: ‘What is your need?’ So he said to himas: ‘I have come to capture youras soul’. So Musaas said to him: ‘From where will you be capturing myas soul?’ He said: ‘From youras mouth’. So Musaas said to him: ‘How can you, and Ias have spoken by it to myas Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic’. So he said: ‘From youras hands’. So Musaas said to him: ‘How can you, and Ias have carried the Torah by these two’. So he said: ‘From youras feet’. So heas said: ‘And how can you, and Ias have stepped by these upon the (Mount) Toor of Sinai’. The Imamasws said: ‘And he repeated (for) the things other than these’.

The Imamasws said: ‘So the Angel of Death said to himas: ‘I have thus been Commanded that I should leave youas until (such time as) youas yourself become the one who wants that (death)’. So Musaas remained for as long as Allahazwj so Desired. Then (one day) heas passed by a man and he was digging a grave. So Musaas said to him: ‘Shall Ias assist you on (digging) the put of this grave?’ So the man said to himas, ‘Yes’.

The Imamasws said: ‘So heas assisted until the pit of the grave, and the grave was dug out. So the man intended that he should lied down in the grave to see how it is?’ So Musaas said to him: ‘Ias shall lie down in it’. So Musaas lied down, and heas saw hisas place in the Paradise’ – or heasws said: ‘hisas house in the Paradise’. So heas said: ‘O Lordazwj! Capture meas to Youazwj!’ So the Angel of Death captured hisas soul, and heas was buried in that very grave, and the dust was levelled upon himas. Heasws said: ‘And the one who dug out the grave was the Angel of Death in the image of a human, therefore it is due to that, no one recognises (knows of the whereabouts) of the grave of Musaas’.35

My father narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The Angel of death came to Musaas Bin Imranas. So heas greeted him and said: ‘Who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the Angel of Death’. So heas said: ‘What is your need?’ So he said to himas: ‘I have come to capture youras soul’. So Musaas said to him: ‘From where will you be capturing myas soul?’ He said: ‘From youras mouth’. So Musaas said to him: ‘How can you, and Ias have spoken by it to myas Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic’. So he said: ‘From youras hands’. So Musaas said to him: ‘How can you, and Ias have carried the Torah by these two’. So he said: ‘From youras feet’. So heas said: ‘And how can you, and Ias have stepped by these upon the (Mount) Toor of Sinai’. The Imamasws said: ‘And he repeated (for) the things other than these’.

The Imamasws said: ‘So the Angel of Death said to himas: ‘I have thus been Commanded that I should leave youas until (such time as) youas yourself become the one who wants that (death)’. So Musaas remained for as long as Allahazwj so Desired. Then (one day) heas passed by a man and he was digging a grave. So Musaas said to him: ‘Shall Ias assist you on (digging) the put of this grave?’ So the man said to himas, ‘Yes’.

The Imamasws said: ‘So heas assisted until the pit of the grave, and the grave was dug out. So the man intended that he should lied down in the grave to see how it is?’ So Musaas said to him: ‘Ias shall lie down in it’. So Musaas lied down, and heas saw hisas place in the Paradise’ – or heasws said: ‘hisas house in the Paradise’. So heas said: ‘O Lordazwj! Capture meas to Youazwj!’ So the Angel of Death captured hisas soul, and heas was buried in that very grave, and the dust was levelled upon himas. Heasws said: ‘And the one who dug out the grave was the Angel of Death in the image of a human, therefore it is due to that, no one recognises (knows of the whereabouts) of the grave of Musaas’.35

35 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 61 H 1

Chapter   23

The reason due to which Suleyman(as) said [38:35] Lord! Forgive me and Grant me a kingdom which is not fit for (being inherited by) anyone after me

Ahmad Bin Yahya Al Maktab narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al waraq Abu Al Tayyab, from Ali Bin Haroun Al Humeyri, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Suleyman Al Nowfaly, from his father, from Ali Bin Yaqteen who said,

‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan Al-Musaasws Bin Ja’farasws, ‘Is it permissible for a Prophetas of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic to become stingy?’ So heasws said: ‘No!’ So I said to himasws, ‘So (what about) the words of Suleymanas [38:35] He said: Lord! Forgive me and Grant me a kingdom which is not fit for (being inherited by) anyone after me, what is its perspective, and what is its Meaning?’

So heasws said: ‘The kingdoms are of two types – A kingdom which is attained by the overcoming, and the tyranny, and the choice of the people; and a kingdom which is attained from the Presence of Allahazwj Blessed and High, like the kingdom of Ibrahimas, and kingdom of Taloot, and kingdom of Zul Qarnayn. Suleymanas said: ‘[38:35] Grant me a kingdom which is not fit for (being inherited by) anyone after me. Heas is speaking about the one which is attained by the overcoming, and the tyranny, and the choice of the people. Allahazwj Blessed and High [38:36] Made the wind to be subservient to him; flowing gently by his command to wherever he so desired, and Made its morning as a month, and its flowing a month, and Made subservient to himas the Devils who used to build and dive, and Taught himas the language of the birds, and to move in the earth. So the people knew, during hisas time and after himas that hisas kingdom does not resemble the kingdoms of the choice of the people, and the kingdoms of the overcoming and the tyranny’.

I said to himasws, ‘(What about) the words of Rasool-Allahsaww: ‘May Allahazwj have Mercy upon mysaww brother Suleymanas, how stingy heas was!’ The Imamasws replied: ‘Hissaww words have two perspectives – One of these is how stingy heas was by hisas offer, and evil is the word in it! And another perspective is that hesaww is saying: ‘How stingy heas was that heas did not want it to go (inherited by) the ignorant!’

Then the Imamasws said: ‘Weasws have been Given what Suleymanas had been Given, and what heas had not been Given (as well), and what no one in the Worlds have been Given. Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic has Said in the story of Suleymanas [38:39] This is Our Gift, therefore give out freely or withhold, without measure. And the Mighty and Majestic Said in the story of Muhammadsaww [59:7] and whatever the Rasool gives you, accept it, and from whatever he forbids you, keep back’.36

36 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 62 H 1

Chapter   24

The reason due to which there is an additional letter in the letter of the name of Suleyman(as), than the letter in the name of his(as) father(as) Dawood(as); and the reason due to which Dawood(as) had been named as ‘Dawood’; and the reason due to which the wind was Made to be subservient to Suleyman(as); and the reason due to which he(as) smile

Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Abdul Al Wahab Al Qarshy, from Mansour Bin Abdullah Al Isfahany Al Sowfy, from Ali Bin Mahrawiya al Qazwin, from Suleyman Al Ghazy who said,

‘I heard Aliasws Bin Musa Al-Rezaasws saying, from hisasws fatherasws Musaasws, from hisasws fatherasws Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws, regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [27:19] So he smiled, laughing at its speech, said: ‘When the ant said 27:18] an ant said: O you ants! Enter your dwellings, in case Sulayman and his army crush you without being aware of it – the wind carried the voice of the ant to Suleymanas, and heas was passing by (flying by) in the air, and the wind was carrying himas.

So heas paused and said: ‘Bring the ant to meas!’ So when they came with it, Suleymanas said: ‘O you ant! Do you not know that Ias a Prophetas, and that Ias am not unjust to anyone?’ The ant said, ‘Yes’. Suleymanas said: ‘So why did you caution them of myas injustice (trampling them), and said O you ants! Enter your dwellings?’ It said, ‘I feared that they would look at youras adornments, so they would be Tried by these, and they would (end up) worshipping other than Allahazwj Mighty is Hisazwj Mention’.

Then the ant said, ‘Are youas greater or youras fatheras?’ Suleymanas said: ‘But, myas fatheras Dawoodas (is greater)’. The ant said, ‘So why is there an addition in the letters of youras name, a letter from the letters of the name of youras fatheras Dawoodas?’ (i.e., why are youas Suleyman Bin Dawoodas and not just Suleymanas). Suleymanas said: ‘There is no knowledge of this with meas’. The ant said, ‘Because youras fatheras Dawoodas, hisas would was cured by the cordiality, and youas, O Suleymanas, hope to meet youras fatheras’.

Then the ant said, ‘Do youas know why the wind has been Made to be subservient to youas in the rest of the kingdom?’ Suleymanas said: ‘There is no knowledge of this with meas’. The ant said, ‘The Mighty and Majestic Means by this – Had the whole of the kingdom been Made to be subservient to youas just as this wind, it would have gone away from youras hands like the going away of the wind’. Thus, this is where heas [27:19] smiled, laughing at its speech’.37

37 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 63 H 1

Chapter   25

The reason due to which the termites come to be wherever there is water and clay

Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Al Muzaffar Al Alawy narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Nusayr, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Abbas Bin Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr Al Bazanty and Fazalat, from Aban, from Abu Baseer,

Abu Ja’farasws has said: ‘The Jinn went to thank the termite for what it had done with the staff of Suleymanas, but they did not see it in the place except that there was water and clay’.38

Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Ali Bin Ma’bad, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Aliasws Bin Musa Al-Rezaasws, from hisasws fatherasws Musaasws Bin Ja’farasws, from hisasws fatherasws Ja’far Bin Muhammadasws having said: ‘One day, Suleymanas Bin Dawoodas said to hisas companions that: ‘Allahazwj the Blessed and High has Endowed unto meas a kingdom that is not befitting for anyone from after meas. Heas Made the wind to be subservient to me, along with the humans, and the Jinn, and the bird, and the wild animals, and Taught meas the speech of the birds, and Gave meas from everything. And along will all what Heazwj Gave to meas from the kingdom, myas joy is not complete, day to the night. And Ias would love it that Ias should enter myas castle in the morning, and ascend to its high point and look at myas kingdom. So, do not allow anyone to (come to see) meas, so as not to spoil my happiness of myas day’. So they said, ‘Yes’.

So when it was the morning, heas grabbed hisas staff by hisas hand and ascended to a high place from his castle, and paused relying upon hisas staff looking at hisas kingdom, joyful at what heas had been Given. Heas was happily looking at what heas had been Granted when he saw a young man of a beautiful face and clothes who had come out to himas from one of the corners of hisas castle. So when Suleymanas saw him, said to him: ‘Who entered you into this castle, and Ias had intended that Ias should be alone in it today, and by whose permission have you entered?’ The young man said, ‘It was the Lordazwj of this castle who Entered me into it, and it was by Hisazwj Permission that I entered’. So heas said: ‘Its Lordazwj is more Rightful for it than Ias am. So who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the Angel of Death’. Heas said: ‘And with regards to what have you come?’ He said: ‘I have come to capture youras soul’. Heas said: ‘Fulfill what you have been Commanded with, so this is myas day of joy, and Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Refused that there should occur for meas happiness, apart from meeting with Himazwj’.

So the Angel of Death captured hisas soul, and heas was reclining upon hisas staff. Thus, Suleymanas remained reclining upon hisas staff, and heas was dead, for as long as Allahazwj so Desired it, and the people were looking at himas and they were reckoning that heas was alive. Thus, they were tried with regards to it and differed. Among them was one who said, ‘Suleymanas has remained reclining upon hisas staff for long these days, and heas neither gets tired, nor sleeps, nor drinks, nor eats. Heas is our lord and it is Obligatory upon us to worship himas’. And a group said, ‘Suleymanas is a sorcerer, and heas is showing us that heas has paused reclining upon hisas staff, having spell-bound our eyes, and it is not like that’. And the Believers said, ‘Suleymanas is a servant of Allahazwj and Hisazwj Prophetas. Allahazwj Manages hisas affair with whatever Heazwj so Desires to’.

So when they differed, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Sent the termite. So it crept up in the staff of Suleymanas. So when it had eaten from inside of it, the staff broke and Suleymanas fell down upon his face from hisas castle. So the Jinn went to thank the termite for what it had done, but when they got there they did not find the termite in that place, except that over there was water and the clay. These are the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [34:14] But when We decreed death for him, nothing showed them his death but a creature of the earth which ate away his staff – Meaning hisas stick. and when he fell down, the Jinn came to know plainly that if they had known the unseen, they would not have tarried in abasing torment’.

Then Al-Sadiqasws said: ‘By Allahazwj! This Verse was not Revealed like this. But rather, it was Revealed as Then Al-Sadiqasws said: ‘And this Verse was not Revealed like this, but rather it was Revealed as “So when he fell, it was evident to the Humans, if the Jinn had known the unseen, they would not have remained in abasing Punishment”.39

My father narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin hashim, from his father Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Aban, from Abu Nusayr,

Abu Ja’farasws has said: ‘Suleymanas Bin Dawoodas ordered the Jinn, so they made for himas a dome from glass. So whilst heas was reclining upon hisas staff in the dome, heas looked towards the Jinn how they were working, and they were looking at him, when heas felt the arrival of someone. There was a man with himas inside the dome. Heas said: ‘Who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the one who neither accepts a bribe nor the gifts of the kings. I am the Angel of Death’.

So he captured himas (hisas soul), and heas stood there reclining upon hisas staff in the dome, and the Jinn were looking at himas. The Imamasws said: ‘So they remained working hard for himas for a year, until Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Sent the termite, so it ate away at hisas stick – and it is the staff. [34:14] and when he fell down, the Jinn came to know plainly that if they had known the unseen, they would not have tarried in abasing torment’.

Abu Ja’farasws said: ‘The Jinn went to thank the termite for what it had done with the staff of Suleymanas, but they did not find in that place except that there was water and clay in hisas presence’.40

My father narrate to us, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Ibn Al Husayn Bin Aban, from Muhammad Bin Awrama, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Ali Bin Uqba, from one of our companions,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The devils were thankful to the termite when it ate away the staff of Suleymanas until heas fell, and said, ‘Upon you is the destruction, and upon us is the water and the clay’, for they did not find in the place except that they say water and the clay’.41

38 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 64 H 1

39 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 64 H 2

40 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 64 H 3

41 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 64 H 4

Chapter   26

The reason due to which the Prophet Ayoub(as) was Tested

Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya narrated to us, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Abu Ayoub, from Abu Baseer,

From Abu Abdullahasws having said: ‘But rather, the affliction of Ayoub which heas was afflicted with in the world was for the Bounties which Allahazwj had Favoured himas with, so heas left its appreciation. And Ibleesla during that era was not veiled, underneath the Throne. So when the deeds of Ayoubas ascended due to hisas appreciation for it, Ibleesla envied himas, so hela said, ‘O Lordazwj! Ayoubas did not fulfill appreciating for these Bounties except for Youazwj having Favoured himas with what Youazwj have Given to himas in the world. If Youazwj were to dissolve between himas and hisas world, heas would not show appreciation for the Bounties. So let mela overcome hisas world until Youazwj Know that heas does not show appreciation for Yourazwj Bounties’.

So Allahazwj Said: “Youla can overcome upon hisas world”. So hela did not leave for himas hisas world, nor children except that hela destroyed it. All that (was taking place) and heas was Praising Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic. Then hela returned to Himazwj, so hela said, ‘O Lordazwj! Surely, Ayoubas knows that Youazwj will be Returning to himas hisas world which Ila have taken away from himas, so let mela overcome hisas body until Youazwj Know that heas would not leave appreciation for the Bounties’. Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “Youla can overcome over hisas body, except for hisas eyes, and hisas heart, and hisas tongues, and hisas hearing”.42

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa, from Darast Al Wasity who said,

‘Ayoubas was afflicted (although) heas had not sinned’.43

And by this chain, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa, from Fazal Al Ashary, from Al Husayn Bin Al Mukhtar, from Abu baser,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Ayoubas was afflicted for seven years, without having sinned’.44

And by this chain, from Al Husayn Bin Ali Al Washa, from Fazal Al Ashary, from Al Hassan Bin Al Rabie Bin Ali Al Rabi’e, from the one who mentioned it,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Allahazwj Blessed and High Afflicted Ayoubas without himas having sinned. So heas remained patient until heas was stigmatised, and the Prophetsas are not patient upon the stigmatisation’.45

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Yahya Al Basry, from Abdullah Bin Muskan, from Abu Baseer who said,

‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan Al-Ma’azy (7th Imamasws) about the afflictions of Ayoubas which heas had been afflicted with in the world, for which reason was it?’ The Imamasws said: ‘For the Bounties which Allahazwj had Favoured himas with in the world. So heas fulfilled its appreciation, and during that era Ibleesla was not Veiled beneath the Throne. So when the fulfilment of the thankfulness of Ayoubas ascended, Ibleesla envied himas. So hela said, ‘O Lordazwj! Ayoubas does not fulfil to Youazwj the thankfulness of these Bounties except due to what Youazwj have Given himas from the world. And if hisas world (Bounties) were Prohibited unto himas, heas would not be thankful to Youazwj, ever’. The Imamasws said: ‘It was Said: “Youla are hereby (allowed) to overcome upon hisas wealth and hisas children”.

The Imamasws said: ‘So Ibleesla caused hisas affairs to decline, and there did not remain for him any wealth, nor a child Given to himas. So when Ibleesla saw that heas was not rattled in any of hisas affairs, hela said, ‘O Lordazwj! Ayoubas knows that Youazwj would Return back to himas hisas world (Bounties) which Ila have taken away from himas. There let mela to overcome upon hisas body’. The Imamasws said: ‘It was Said: “Youla are hereby (allowed) to overcome upon hisas body, except for hisas heart, and hisas tongues, and hisas eyes, and hisas hearing”.

The Imamasws said: ‘So Ibleesla caused hisas affairs to decline in a haste, fearing lest heas would realise the Mercy of the Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic to change the situation in between himla and Ayoubas. So when the afflictions intensified with himas, and heas was at the end of hisas affliction, hisas companions came over to himas and said to himas, ‘O Ayoubas! We do not know anyone to have been afflicted with the like of these affliction except due to the secret evil (deeds) which are hidden from us’.

The Imamasws said: ‘Thus, it was during that, that Ayoubas whispered to hisas Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic. So heas said: ‘Lordazwj! Youazwj have Afflicted meas with these afflictions, and Youazwj Know that there does not present to me two matters at all except that Ias necessitate for myselfas the harsher of the two upon myas body, and Ias do not eat a meal at all except that upon myas table-spread is an orphan. So, if there was for me a sitting for the dispute, Ias would (present) evidence with myas arguments’.

The Imamasws said: ‘A cloud presented itself to himas and a speaker in it spoke, saying: ‘O Ayoubas! (Present) evidence with youras arguments’. The Imamasws said: ‘So heas pulled hisas robe and fell down upon hisas knees, so heas said: ‘Youazwj have Afflicted meas with these affliction, and Youazwj Know that, there does not present to meas two matters at all except that Ias necessited the harsher of the two upon myas body, and Ias do not eat a meal except that upon myas table spread is an orphan’. The Imamasws said: ‘It was Said to himas: “O Ayoubas! Who Endowed the obedience to youas?” The Imamasws said: ‘So heas took a handful of dust and placed it in hisas mouth, then said: ‘Youazwj, O Lordazwj!46

42 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 65 H 1

43 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 65 H 2

44 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 65 H 3

45 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 65 H 4

46 Al Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 65 H 5

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"Wisdom is the lost property of the Believer, let him claim it wherever he finds it" - Imam Ali (as)"

Table of Contents

Title

Chapter 1 - The reason due to which Zulqarnain was named as ‘Zulqarnain’ (one with two horns)

Chapter 2 - The reason due to which the [25:38] the dwellers of the Al-Rass have been named as the ‘Dwellers of Al-Rass’; and the reason due to which the non-Arabs (Persians) named their months as ‘Maah e Aban’ and ‘Mah e Azar’, and others up to its end.

Chapter 3 - The reason due to which Yaqoub(as) has been named as ‘Yaqoub’, and reason for the naming of Israel

Chapter 4 - The reason due to which the Prophets(as) and the Believers are Indulged in Trials

Chapter 5 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Tested Yaqoub(as) with the dream in which he(as) saw Yusuf(as) until there flowed from his(as) matters what flowed

Chapter 6 - The reason due to which the brothers of Yusuf(as) said to Yusuf(as) [12:77] If he has stolen, so a brother of his did indeed steal before

Chapter 7 - The reason due to which the caller called out to the caravan in which were the brothers of Yusuf(as) [12:70] O caravan! You are stealing

Chapter 8 - The reason due to which Yaqoub(as) said to his(as) sons [12:87] O my sons! Go and inquire respecting Yusuf and his brother

Chapter 9 - The reason due to which Yaqoub(as) found the aroma of Yusuf(as) from a travel distance of ten days

Chapter 10 - The reason due to which Yusuf(as) said to his(as) brothers [12:92] He said: (There shall be) no reproach against you this day for the time; and Yaqoub(as) said to them [12:98] He said: Soon I will ask for your Forgiveness from my Lord

Chapter 11 - The reason due to which a Prophet(as) did not come out from the offspring of Yusuf(as)

Chapter 12 - The reason due to which Yusuf(as) married Zuleykha

Chapter 13 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Chose Musa(as) to Speak to besides His(azwj) (other) creatures

Chapter 14 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Made Musa(as) be a servant of Shuayb(as)

Chapter 15 - The reason due to which Pharaoh(la) did not kill Musa(as) when he(la) said [40:26] Leave me alone that I may slay Musa

Chapter 16 - The reason due to which Al-Khizr(as) was named as ‘Khizr’, and the reasons for what angered Musa(as) from the breaking of the ship, and the killing of the boy, and the straightening of the wall

Chapter 17 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) the High Said to Musaas [20:12] so put off your shoes; and the reason for the words of Musaas [20:27] And Loosen the knot from my tongue [20:28] (That) they may understand my speech

Chapter 18 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Said to Haroun(as) [20:43] Go both to Pharaoh, surely he has transgressed [20:44] Then speak to him a gentle word perhaps he may mind or fear

Chapter 19 - The reason due to which Haroun(as) said to Musa(as) [20:94] He said: O son of my mother! Seize me not by my beard nor by my head, and why he(as) did not say: ‘O son of my(as) father(as)’

Chapter 20 - The reason due to which the hunting (fishing) was Prohibited upon the Jews on the day of Saturday

Chapter 21 - The reason due to which Pharaoh(la) was named as [89:10] And (with) Pharaoh, the one with the of hosts

Chapter 22 - The reason due to which Musa(as) coveted the death, and the reason due to which his(as) grave is not recognised (unknown)

Chapter 23 - The reason due to which Suleyman(as) said [38:35] Lord! Forgive me and Grant me a kingdom which is not fit for (being inherited by) anyone after me

Chapter 24 - The reason due to which there is an additional letter in the letter of the name of Suleyman(as), than the letter in the name of his(as) father(as) Dawood(as); and the reason due to which Dawood(as) had been named as ‘Dawood’; and the reason due to which the wind was Made to be subservient to Suleyman(as); and the reason due to which he(as) smile

Chapter 25 - The reason due to which the termites come to be wherever there is water and clay

Chapter 26 - The reason due to which the Prophet Ayoub(as) was Tested