Illal Al Sharaie - REASONS FOR THE LAWS - Volume 1 - Part 1

Sheikh Muhammad ibn Ali al-Saduq - XKP

Published: 2016

Tag(s): islam saduq sadooq sudooq

Chapter   1

The reason due to which the sky was named as ‘sky’ and the world as ‘world’, and the Hereafter as ‘Hereafter’, and the reason due to which Adamas was named ‘Adam’, and Hawwaas as ‘Hawwa’ , and the Dirham as ‘Dirham’, and the Dinaar as ‘Dinaar’ for counting, and the reason for which it is said to the donkey, ‘Hurr’ – (Extract)

In the Name of Allahazwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allahazwj Lordazwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammadsaww and hissaww Purified Progenyasws, and greetings with abundant greetings.

Ali Bin Hamad Bin Muhammad narrated, from Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Muhammad, by his chain, raising it, said,

‘A Jew came to Aliasws Bin Abu Talibasws, so he said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineenasws! I want to ask you about things, if youasws were to inform me of it, I will profess to Al-Islam’. Aliasws said: ‘Ask measws, O Jew, about whatever comes to you, for you will not come across anyone more knowledgeable of it than the Peopleasws of the Household’.

The Jew said to him, ‘Inform me about base of this earth, upon what is it, and about the resembling of the child to its paternal uncles and its maternal uncles, and about from which seeds do the hair, and the blood, and the flesh, and the bones, and the nerves come about, and why is the sky named as sky, and why is the world named as world, and why is the Hereafter named as Hereafter, and why is Adamas named as Adamas, and why is Hawwaas named as Hawwa, and why is the Dirham named as Dirham, and why is the Dinaar named as Dinaar, and why is it said to the horse, ‘Ajad’, and why is it said to the mule, ‘Ad’, and why is it said to the donkey, ‘Hurr’?’

And as for the resemblance of the child with its paternal uncles and its maternal uncles, so if the seed of the man preceded the seed (egg) of the woman to the womb, the child would come out resembling its paternal uncle, and from the seed of the man are formed the bones and the veins. And if the (egg of the) woman precedes the seed of the man to the womb, the child would come out resembling its maternal uncles, and from her egg are formed the hair, and the skin, and the flesh, because it is yellow (and) thin.

And the sky has been named as sky because it is ‘Wasm’ of the water, meaning its mine (quarry). And the world has been named as the world because it is the lowest (Adna) of everything. And the Hereafter has been named as Hereafter because therein is the Recompense and the Reward’.

And Adamas has been named as Adamas because heas was Created from the crust (Adeym) of the earth, and that is Allahazwj the High Sent Jibraeelas and Commanded himas that heas should bring from the crust of the earth with four clays – a white clay, and a red clay, and barren clay, and black clay, and that is from its even (coastal) and its uneven (interior land). Then Allahazwj Commanded himas to bring four (types of) water – Fresh water, salty water, and bitter water, and rotten water.

Then Allahazwj Commanded himas that heas should empty the water into the clay, and Allahazwj Kneaded it with Hisazwj Hands (Amir Al-Momineenasws’s carried out this for Allahazwj). Thus, there was nothing from the clay which was needy to the water, nor from the water which was needy to the clay. Then Allahazwj Made the fresh water to be in hisas throat, and Made the salty water to be in hisas eyes, and Made the bitter water to be in hisas ears, and Made the rotten water to in hisasws nose. But rather, Hawwaas has been named as Hawwaas because sheas was Created from the Haywaan.

But rather, it is said to the horse, ‘Ajad’ because the first one to ride the (cavalry) horse was Qabeella on the day hela killed hisla brotheras, and fabricated saying (humming), ‘Today Ila have found (Ajad) blood what the people neglected’. Thus ‘Ajad’ is said for the horse due to that. But rather it is said to the mules ‘Ad’, because the first one to ride the mule was Adamas, and that is heas had a son called Ma’ad, and he liked the animals, and he used to usher with Adamas. So when the mule failed to perform, heas said: ‘O Ma’ad, quench it’. Thus, the name of the mule came to be accustomed with the name of Ma’ad. The people dropped the ‘M’ from ‘Ma’ad’, and said, ‘Ad’.

But rather, it is said to the donkey, ‘Hurr’, because the first one to ride the donkey was Hawwaas, and that is because sheas had a donkey, and sheas used to ride it for visitation of the grave of heras sonas Habeelas. Sheas used to say in heras journey, ‘Wahara’a’. So whenever sheas said it, the donkey travelled, and when sheas was silent, it stopped. So the people neglected that and have been saying ‘Hurr’.

But rather, the Dirham has been named as a Dirham, because it is an important house, the one who gathers it and does not spend it in obedience to Allahazwj would inherit the Fire, and the Dinaar has been named as Dinaar, because it is a house of the Fire, the one who gathers it and does not spend it in the obedience to Allahazwj , so he would inherit the Fire’.

So the Jew said, ‘Youasws have spoken the truth, O Amir Al-Momineenasws. We find the entirety of what youasws have described, to be in the Torah’. He, thus professed to Al-Islam upon hisasws hands, and necessitated it (to be with himasws) until he was killed on the day of (the battle of) Siffeen (fighting alongside Amir Al-Momineenasws)’.1

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Chapter   2

The reason due to which the fire was worshipped

My father said, ‘Saeed Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khatab and Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa together, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir and Karaam Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,

Abu Abdullah asws has said: ‘When Qabeella saw that the fire had accepted the sacrifice of Habeelas, Ibleesla said to himla, ‘Habeelas used to worship the fire’. So Qabeella said to himla, ‘Ila will not worship the fire which Habeella used to worship, but I la shall worship another fire, and offer a sacrifice for it, so it would accept myla sacrifice’. Therefore, hela built houses for fire worship (offerings). So there did not happen to be for himla knowledge of hisla Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic, and hisla children did not inherit from it (anything) except for the fire-worshipping’.2

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Chapter   3

The reason due to which idols were worshipped

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Ibn Isa, from Muhammad Bin Khalid Al barqy, from Hamaad Bin Isa, from Hareyz Ibn Abdullah Al Sajastany,

(It has been narrated) from Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws regarding the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [71:23] And they have said (to each other), 'Abandon not your gods: Abandon neither Wadd nor Suwa', neither Yaguth nor Ya'uq, nor Nasr. The Imamasws said: ‘They (the mentioned) used to be worshipping Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic. They died. It was grievous upon their people, so Ibleesla came to them and said to them, ‘Take idols for yourselves upon their images, so that you can look towards them, and be cordial with them and you can (still) be worshipping Allah azwj’.

So hela prepared idols for them upon their resemblances. So they used to be worshipping Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, and were looking towards those idols. So when the winter came upon them, and the rains, they entered the idols into their houses. So they did not stop worshipping Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic until that generation died off, and their children grew up. So they (new generation) said, ‘Our fathers used to worship these, therefore worship them besides Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic’. So these are the Words of Allahazwj Blessed and High [71:23] Abandon neither Wadd nor Suwa – the Verse’.3

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Chapter   4

The reason due to which Al-Awd was named as AlKhalafa (the opposite)

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdulla narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Ibn Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Al Na’amal, from Bureyd Bin Muawiya Al Ajaly who said,

‘Abu Ja’farasws said, ‘But rather, Al-Oud have been named as Khalafa (Opposite) because Iblee la made a picture of Suwa from Al-Oud upon the opposite picture of Wudd, so Al-Oud has been named as Khalafa’ – And this in a lengthy Hadeeth, we have taken from it the needed subject’.4

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Chapter   5

The reason due to which the animals alienated from each other, from the wild animals, and the birds and the predators etc.

Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkal narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Bin Aban, from Muhammad Bin Awrama, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Hamaad Bin Usman,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The beasts, and the birds, and the predators and everything which Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Created used to mix with each other. But when the sonla of Adamas killed hisla brotheras, everything (species) alienated itself, and panicked, and went to its own kind’.5

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Chapter   6

The reason due to which there came to be among the people ones who were better than the Angels, and there came to be among them ones who were more evil than the animals

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Ibn Al Hakam, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,

‘I asked Abu Abdullah Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws, so I said, ‘Are the Angels higher or the Children of Adamas?’ So heasws said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen Aliasws Bin Abu Talibasws said: ‘Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Made to be the Angels, intellect without (lustful) desires, and Made to be in the animals, (lustful) desires without intellect, and Made to be in the Children of Adamas, both of these. So the one whose intellect overcomes his desires, so he is better than the Angels, and the one whose desires overcome his intellect, so he is more evil than the animals’.6

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Chapter   7

The reason due to which the Prophets(as), and the Rasools(as), and the Proofs (Imams(asws)) came to be higher than the Angels

Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Saeed Al Hashimy, from Furaat Bin Ibrahim Ibn Furat Al Kufy, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ali Al Hamdany, from Abu Al Fazal Al Abbas Bin Abdullah Al Bukhary from Muhammad Bin Al Qasim Bin Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Bakr, from Abdul Salaam Bin Salih Al Harawy,

(It has been narrated) from Aliasws Bin Musa Al-Rezaasws, from hisasws fatherasws Musa Bin Ja’farasws, from hisasws fatherasws, Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws, from hisasws fatherasws Muhammadasws Bin Aliasws, from hisasws fatherasws Aliasws Bin Al-Husaynasws , from hisasws fatherasws Al-Husaynasws Bin Aliasws, from hisasws fatherasws Aliasws Bin Abu Talibasws having said: ‘Rasool-Allahsaww said: ‘Allahazwj has not Created a person higher than mesaww nor more prestigious to Himazwj than mesaww’. Aliasws said: ‘O Rasool-Allahsaww! So are yousaww higher or Jibraeelas?’

So hesaww said: ‘O Aliasws! Allahazwj Blessed and High Preferred Hisazwj Prophetsas and the Rasoolsas over the Angels of Proximity, and Preferred mesaww over the entirety of the Prophetsas and the Rasoolsas, and Preferred youasws O Aliasws, after mesaww, and the Imamsasws from after youasws, and that the Angels are ourasws attendants and the attendants of those who love usasws’.

O Aliasws! The ones who are bearing the Throne and the ones around it are Glorifying with the Praise of their Lordazwj, and are seeking Forgiveness for the ones who believe in ourasws Wilayah. O Aliasws! Had it not been for usasws, Allahazwj would neither have Created Adamas, nor Hawwaas, nor the Paradise, nor the Fire, nor the sky, nor the earth, so how can weasws not be higher than the Angels, and weasws preceded them to the recognition of ourasws Lordazwj , and of Glorifying Himsaww and the Extollation of Hisazwj Holiness, because the first of what Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Created, was the Creation of ourasws Spirits, so weasws spoke of Hisazwj Oneness and with Hisazwj Praise. Then Allahazwj Created the Angels. So when they saw ourasws Spirits as one Light, they magnified ourasws matter. So weasws Glorified in order to teach the Angels that weasws are Created creatures, and that Allahazwj is far above from ourasws description.

So the Angels Glorified with ourasws Glorification and refrained from describing usasws . So when they witnessed the greatness of ourasws Glory, weasws Extolled the Holiness (of Allahazwj) to teach the Angels that there is no god except for Allahazwj, and that weasws are servants, and that we are not gods Obligated to be worshipped along with Himazwj or besides Himazwj. So they said, ‘There is no god except for Allahazwj’

So when they witnessed the greatness of ourasws place, weasws Exclaimed the Greatness (of Allahazwj) in order to teach the Angels that Allahazwj is Greater than can be grasped, (there is no greatness) of the place except by Himazwj .

So when they witness what Allahazwj has Made for usasws, from the honour, and the strength, weasws said: ‘There is no Might and Strength except with Allahazwj in order to teach the Angels that there is no might for usasws nor the strength except (that it is) with Allahazwj .

So when they witnessed what Allahazwj has Favoured usasws with and upon usasws , and Obligated it to usasws from the necessity of the obedience, weasws said, ‘The Praise is for Allahazwj’, in order to teach the Angels what is rightfully for the Sake of Allahazwj Elevated is Hisazwj Mention, upon us from the Praise over Hisazwj Favours. So the Angels said, ‘The Praise is for Allahazwj’. Thus, it was by usasws that they were Guided to recognising the Oneness (Tawheed) of Allahazwj, and Glorifying Himazwj , and Extollation of Hisazwj Holiness, and Praising Himazwj, and Magnifying Himazwj .

Then Allahazwj Blessed and High Created Adamas, so Deposited usasws in hisas forehead and Commanded the Angels to Prostrate to himas, in reverence for usasws , and in ourasws honour. And their Prostrations were for the Sake of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic as worship, and to Adamas for honour and obedience because weasws happened to be in hisas (forehead). So how can weasws not be higher than the Angels, and all of them had Prostrated to Adamas.

And when heas ascended with mesaww to the sky, Jibraeelas called for the Prayer (Azaan) two by two, and Isaww stood, two by two. Then heas said to mesaww: ‘Proceed, O Muhammadsaww!’ So Isaww said to himas: ‘O Jibraeelas! Isaww preceed over youas: ‘So heas said: ‘Yes, because Allahazwj Blessed and High Preferred Hisazwj Prophetsas over Hisazwj Angels in their entirety, and Preferred yousaww in particular’. So Isaww preceded with them (led them in Prayer), but without taking pride’.

So when Isaww ended up to the Veil of Light, Jibraeelas said to mesaww: ‘Proceed, O Muhammadsaww, and leave meas behind’. So Isaww said: ‘O Jibraeelas! Youas are separating from me in a place like this?’ So heas said: ‘O Muhammadsaww! Ias have ended up to myas limit which Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic has Imposed upon meas , up to this place, so if Ias were to exceed it, myas two wings would be incinerated due to myas transgression of the Limits of myas Lordazwj Majestic is Hisazwj Majesty.

So Isaww was jolted in the Light by a jolt until Isaww ended up to where Allahazwj so Desired it, from the High Kingdom. So Allah azwj Called out: “O Muhammadsaww! So I said, ‘Here Isaww am, mysaww Lordazwj, and Master, at Yourazwj service, Blessed and risen’. So Allahazwj Called out: “O Muhammadsaww! Yousaww are Myazwj servant, and I azwj am yoursaww Lordazwj, therefore it is Meazwj that you should worship, and upon Meazwj should yousaww rely, for yousaww are Myazwj Light among Myazwj servants, and Myazwj Rasoolsaww to Myazwj creatures, and Myazwj Proof upon Myazwj entire creation. For yousaww and for the one who follows yousaww, Iazwj Created Myazwj Paradise, and for the one who opposed youazwj, Iazwj Created Myazwj Fire. And for yoursaww successorsasws I saww have Obligated Myazwj Prestige, and for theirasws Shias I azwj Obligated Myazwj Rewards”.

So Isaww said: ‘And who are mysaww successorsasws?’ So Allahazwj Called out: “O Muhammadsaww! Yoursaww successorsas (i.e.) theirasws names are Inscribed upon the Base of the Throne”. So Isaww looked, and Isaww was in front of mysaww Lordazwj Majestic is Hisazwj Majesty, towards the Base of the Throne, so Isaww saw twelve Lights, in each Light there being a green veil over it, name of mysaww successorasws , from mysaww successorsasws. The first of them was Aliasws Bin Abu Talibasws, and the last of them was of the Mahdiasws of mysaww community.

So Isaww said: ‘O mysaww Lordazwj! Theyasws are mysaww successorsasws from after mesaww?’ So Allahazwj Called out: “O Muhammadsaww! Theyasws are Myazwj Guardians, and Myazwj Trustees, and Myazwj Proofs after yousaww over Myazwj creatures, and theyasws are yoursaww successorsasws, and yoursaww Caliphs, and the best of Myazwj creatures after yousaww. And by Myazwj Honour and Myazwj Majesty, and it is by themasws that Isaww shall Cause to Prevail Myazwj Religion, and Announce Myazwj Words, and Purify the earth from Myazwj enemies by theirasws last one. Iazwj shall Enable himasws over the east of the earth and its west, and Make the wind to be subservient to himasws, and Humble for himasws the clouds and the difficulties, and Promote for himasws the causes, and Help himasws with Myazwj armies, and Support himasws with Myazwj Angels until Myazwj Call is the highest and the creatures gather over Myazwj Oneness. Then Iazwj Shall Make hisasws kingdom to prevail, and remain among Myazwj Guardiansasws up to the Day of Judgement’.7

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Abdullah Al Barqy narrated to us, from his father, from his grandfather Ibn Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Amro Bin Jami’e,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Whenever Jibraeelas used to come to the Prophetsaww , sat in front of himsaww with the sitting of the slave, and never used to enter until heas was permitted to do so’.8

Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany narrated to us, from Ali Ibn Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr Al Bazanty and Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr together, from Aban Usman,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘When it was the Day of (battle of) Ohad, the companions of Rasool-Allahsaww fled to the extent that there did not remain with himasws anyone except for Aliasws Bin Abu Talibasws, and Abu Dajjana Samaak Bin Kharsha. So the Prophetsaww said to him: ‘O Abu Dajjana! But, did you not see your people?’ He said, ‘Yes’. Rasool-Allahsaww said: ‘Attach yourself with your people’. He said, ‘It was not upon this that I pledged allegiance to Allahazwj and Hisazwj Rasoolsaww’. RasoolAllahsaww said: ‘You are is a free (state to go)’. He said, ‘By Allahazwj! The Qureysh will not narrate about me that I abandoned yousaww and fled, until I taste what yousaww taste’.

So the Prophetsaww bade him well, and Aliasws, every time a group attacked RasoolAllahsaww, faced them and repulsed them until most of them were killed, wounded, until hisasws sword broke, so Aliasws came to the Prophetsaww and greeted: ‘O RasoolAllahsaww! The man fights with his sword, and myasws sword is broken. So RasoolAllahsaww gave himasws hissaww sword Zulfiqar. So Aliasws did not cease to defend Rasool-Allahsaww with it until heasws made them flee and cut them down’.

So Jibraeelas descended unto himsaww and said: ‘O Muhammadsaww! This here is the affection from Aliasws for yousaww’. So the Prophetsaww said: ‘Aliasws is from mesaww and I saww from himasws’. So Jibraeelas said: ‘And Ias from youasws both’.

And a boom was heard from the sky: “There is sword except for Zulfiqar and there is no Believer except for Aliasws”.

Abdul Wahid Bin Muhammad Bin Abdous Al Ataar Al Neyshapouri, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Quteyba, from Al Fazal Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘When Rasool-Allahsaww went on Ascension (Mi’raaj) and the Prayer presented itself, Jibraeelas called (Azaan) and established the Prayer (Iqaama). So heas said: ‘O Muhammadsaww! Proceed’. So Rasool-Allahsaww said to himas: ‘Proceed, O Jibraeelas’. So heas said to himsaww: ‘We (Angels) do not proceed over the Children of Adamas since we were Commanded to Prostrate to Adamas’.9

Abdul Wahid Bin Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahab Al Qarshy narrated to us, from Ahmad Ibn Al Fazal, from Mansour Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Al Hassan Bin Mahziyar, from Ahmad Bin Ibrahim Al Awfy, from Ahmad Bin Al Hakam Al Barajmy, from Shareek Bin Abdullah, from Abu Waqas Al Aamiry, from Muhammad Bin Amar Ibn Yaaser, from his father who said,

‘I heard the Prophetsaww saying: ‘The two keepers (Recording Angels) of Ali asws Bin Abu Talibasws are priding over the entirety of the Recording Angels for being with Aliasws, and that is due to that they have never ascended to the sky with anything which Angers Allahazwj Blessed and High’.10

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Chapter   8

Allah(azwj) did not Make anything except with a thing (reason)

Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn Bin Musa Bin babuwayh Al Qummy, the jurist, the author of this book, said, ‘My father and Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Ibn Al Waleed narrated to me, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Jameel Bin Daraaj,

(It has been narrated) Abu Abdullahasws was asked about something from the Permissible and the Prohibited, so heasws said: ‘Allahazwj did not Make anything except for something’.11

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Chapter   9

Reason for the creation of the creatures and the difference in their states

My father narrated to me, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Al Husayn Bin Ubeydullah, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Usman, from Abdul Kareem Bin Abdullah, from Salma Ibn Ataa,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Al-Husaynasws Bin Aliasws went out to hisasws companions, so heasws said: ‘O you people! Allahazwj, Majestic is Hisazwj Mention did not Create the servants except for recognising Himazwj. So when he recognises Himazwj, worships Himazwj. So when he worships Himazwj, becomes needless with worshipping Himazwj from worshipping one besides Himazwj’. So a man said to himasws, ‘O sonasws of Rasool-Allahsaww! May my father and my mother be sacrificed for youasws, what is the recognition of Allahazwj?’ The Imamasws said: ‘Recognition by the people of every era, of their Imamasws whose obedience has been Obligated upon them’.12

Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Talaqany narrated to us, from Abdul Aziz Bin Yahya Al Jaloudy, from Muhammad Bin Zakariyya Al Jowhary, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Amara, from his father who said,

‘I asked Al-Sadiq Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws, so I said to himasws, ‘Why did Allahazwj Create the creatures (people)?’ So Imamasws said: ‘Allahazwj Blessed and High neither Created Hisazwj creatures in vain nor did Heazwj Leave them in vain, but Allahazwj Created them for the Manifestation of Hisazwj Power and for Imposing Hisazwj Obedience upon them, so that they would become deserving of Hisazwj Pleasure due to that. And Allahazwj neither Created them to get some benefit from them nor to drive away the harm by them, but Created them to benefit them and Cause them to arrive to the eternal Bounties’.13

Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazi’e, from Muhammad Bin Zayd who said,

‘I came to Al-Rezaasws to ask himasws about the Oneness (Tawheed), so heasws dictated to me: ‘The Praise is for Allahazwj, the Originator of the things, its growth and its initiation, beginning these by Hisazwj Power and Hisazwj Wisdom. There is none from the things which invalidates its origination, nor is there anything which corrects the original. Allahazwj Creates whatever Heazwj so Desires to, howsoever Heazwj so Desires to, in unison with that for the manifestation of Hisazwj Wisdom and the reality of the Lordship. The intellects cannot grasp Himazwj nor can the imaginations reach Himazwj, nor can the vision visualise Himazwj, nor can Heazwj be surrounded by the measurement. The words get frustrated and the visions fail, and the describer stray in the description of the Attributes. Allahazwj has Veiled Himself without a veil, being Veiled, and Curtained Himselfazwj without a curtain, being Curtained. Heazwj is recognised without being seen and described without an image, and without a body. There is no god except for the Greatest and the Elevated’.14

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Ibn Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Habeeb Al Sajastany who said,

‘I heard Abu Ja’farasws saying: ‘Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, when Heazwj Extracted the offspring of Adamas from hisas back in order to Take the Covenant against them, for Himazwj for the Lordship, and with the Prophet-hood of every Prophetas, the first of what was Taken against them for the Covenant was the Prophet-hood of Muhammad Ibn Abdullahsaww .

Then Allahazwj Majestic is Hisazwj Majesty, Said to Adamas: “Look, what do youas see?” Heasws said: ‘So heas looked at hisas offspring, they were particles which had filled the sky. So Adamas said: ‘O Lordazwj! How numerous are myas offspring, for what matter did Youazwj Create them? So what do Youazwj Intend by Taking the Covenant against them?’ Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “To worship Meazwj, and not associating anything with Meazwj, and believing in Myazwj Rasoolsas and following them”.

Adamas said: ‘So what is the matter that Ias see some of the particles to be greater than the others, and some of them have a lot of light for them, and some of them have little light, and some of them have not light for them?’ Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “It is like that that Iazwj have Created them to Test them in every situation of them”. Adamas said: ‘O Lordazwj! Do Youazwj Permit meas so that Ias speak to them?’ Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “Speak, for youras spirit is from Myazwj Spirit, and youras nature is different from what Iazwj am”.

Adamas said: ‘O Lordazwj! If only Youazwj would have Created them upon one likeness, and one measurement, and one nature, and one constitution, and one colour, and one build, and same livelihood, some of them would not rebel against each other and there would not come be envy in between them, nor hatred, nor differing in a thing from the things?’ Allahazwj Majesticy is Hisazwj Majesty, Said: “It is by Myazwj Sprit that youas speak, and by youras nature youas have spoken of what youas have no knowledge of.

And Iazwj am Allahazwj, the Creator, the All Knowing. It is by Myazwj Knolwedge that Iazwj have Caused difference to be in between their creation, and it is by Myazwj Desire that Myazwj Judgements get Established among them, and it is upon Myazwj Management and Myazwj Power that they have come to be. There is no change to Myazwj Creation. But rather, Iazwj Created the Jinn, and the human beings in order to worship Meazwj, and Iazwj Created the Paradise for the one who worships Meazwj, and obeys Meazwj, from among them, and follows Myazwj Rasoolsaww, and Iazwj do not care. And Iazwj Created the Fire for the ones who disbelieve in Meazwj, and disobey Meazwj, and do not obey Myazwj Rasoolsaww, and Iazwj do not care. And Iazwj Created youas and Created youras offspring from other than there being a need for Meazwj, to youas or to them. But rather, Iazwj Created youas and Created them for Testing youas, and Testing them as which ones of you is the best in deeds in the house of the world, during your lifetimes before your deaths.

And thus, Iazwj Created the world and the Hereafter, and the life, and the death, and the obedience, and the disobedience, and the Paradise, and the Fire. And thus Iazwj Wanted it to be in Myazwj Power, and Myazwj Management, and with Myazwj Knowledge, and the Establishment among them the difference between their images, and their bodies, and their colours, and their builds, and their livelihoods, and their obedience, and their disobedience. So Iazwj Made among them the happy and the miserable, and the seeing and the blind, and the short and the tall, and the beautiful and the reprehensible, and the knowledgeable and the ignorant, and the rich and the poor, and the obedient and the disobedient, and the healthy and the sick, and the ones with the (long/short) ages and the one with no sovereign to him.

So the able-bodies one looks at the one with the disability and he Praises Meazwj over his own health, and the one with the disability looks at the one who is able-bodied, so he supplicates to Meazwj and asks Meazwj that Isaww should Grant him health, and he observes patience upon Myazwj Afflictions, so Iazwj Reward him for being obedience to Meazwj. And the rich one looks at the poor, so he Praises Meazwj and thanks Meazwj, and the poor one looks at the rich, so he supplicates to Meazwj and asks Meazwj. And the Believer looks at the disbeliever, so he Praises Meazwj upon what Iazwj have Guided him.

So it is due to that, that Iazwj Created them in order to Test them during the thick and thin, and regarding their well-being, and their Trials, and what Iazwj have Given them, and what Iazwj have Prevented them from. And Iazwj am Allahazwj, the King, and Powerful. And it is for Meazwj that Iazwj should Make it to come to pass whatever Iazwj Measure upon what Iazwj Manage, and it is for Meazwj that Iazwj should change that whatever Iazwj so Desire to, to whatever Iazwj so Desire to. So Iazwj Bring forward from what Iazwj Delayed, and Delay what Iazwj had (Intended to) bring forward. And Iazwj am Allahazwj! The Doer of whatsoever Iazwj Intend to. Iazwj Cannot be questioned about what Iazwj do, and Iazwj question Myazwj creatures about what they are doing”.15

My father narrated to me, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Haroun Ibn Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Ziyad who said,

‘A man said to Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws, ‘O Abu Abdullahasws! I wonder about, our creation?’ The Imamasws said: ‘And what is that, by Allahazwj, you are (trying to say)?’ He said, ‘We have been Created for the perishing’. So the Imamasws said: ‘Shh, O cousin! We have been Created for the remaining. And how would we perish when the Paradise will not perish and the Fire will not subside? But, say, ‘But rather we shall be moving from a house to a house’.16

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Ahmad Ibn Idrees, from Muhammad Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Imran Al Ash’ary, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Ali Washa, from the one who mentioned it, from one of them who said,

‘There is none from the days except that an Angel calls out from the East: ‘If only the creatures knew what they have been Created for’. So another Angel from the West answers him: ‘They do know what they have been Created for’.17

Abu Al Hassan Tahir Bin Muhammad Bin Yunus Bin hayat Al Faqeeh informed me, from Muhammad Bin Usman Al Harawy, from Abu Muhammad Al Hassan Bin Muhajir, from Hisham Bin Khalid, from Al Hassan Bin Yahya, from Sadaqa Bin Abdullha, from Hisham, from Anas,

(It has been narrated) from the Prophetsaww, from Jibraeelas having said:‘Allahazwj Blessed and High Said: “The one who insulted Myazwj Guardianasws, so he has duelled against me with the battle. Iazwj have not Hesitated with regards to anything that Iazwj Do, like Iazwj have Hesitated during the Capturing of the soul of the Believer. He dislikes the death and Iazwj Dislike displeasing him, but it is inevitable for him. And what makes Myazwj servant to come closer to Meazwj like the fulfilment of what Iazwj have Obligated upon him, and Myazwj servant does not cease to supplicate to Meazwj until Iazwj get to Love him, and the one whom Iazwj Love, Iazwj would be his hearing, and his eyesight, and his hands, and that he would supplicate to Meazwj Iazwj would Answer him, and if he were to ask Meazwj, I would Give it to him.

And from Myazwj believing servants is the one who wants the door from the worship, so Iazwj Restrain him from it, perhaps self-admiration would enter into him, so it would spoil him. And from Myazwj Believing servants is the one whose belief would not be correct except with the poverty, and were Iazwj to Enrich him, it would spoil that. And from Myazwj believing servants is the one for whom his belief would not be correct (except) with the riches, and if Iazwj were to Impoverish him, it would spoil that. And from Myazwj believing servants is the one whose belief would not be correct except by illness, and if Iazwj were to Make healthy his body, it would spoil that. And from Myazwj believing servants is the one whose belief would not be correct except by the health, and if Iazwj were to Make him sick, it would spoil that. Iazwj and the Most Pondering over Myazwj servants with Myazwj Knowledge of their hearts, so Iazwj am the All-Knowing, the All-Aware”.18

Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Sahybani narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Haroun Al Sowfy, from Abdullah Musa Al Habaal Al Tabary, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Al Khashaab, from Muhammad Bin Mohsin, from Yunus Bin Zibyan,

‘Al-Sadiq Ja’farasws Bin Muhammadasws having said: ‘The people are worshipping Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic upon three perspectives – So a group are worshipping Himazwj in coveting Hisazwj Rewards, so that is the worshipping of the greedy ones and it is the greed. And the others are worshipping Himazwj out of fear from the Fire, so that is the worship of the slaves, and it is the fright. But, Iasws worship Himazwj out of love for Himazwj Mighty and Majestic, so that is the worship of the honourable ones, and it is the safety, due to Hisazwj Words [27:89] and they shall be secure from terror on the Day [3:31] Say: If you love Allah, then follow me, Allah will Love you and Forgive you your sins. So the one who loves Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, Allahazwj would Love him, and the one whom Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Loves, would be from the secure ones’.19

Al Husayn Bin Yahya Bin Zareys Al Bajaly narrated to us, from his father, from Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Amara Al Sakaray Al Saryani, from Ibrahim Bin Aasim at Qazween, from Abdullah Bin Haroun Al Karkhy, from Abu Ja’far Ahmad Bin Abdullah Bin Yazeed Bin Salaam Bin Abdullah Bin Abdullah, a slave of Rasool-Allahsaww, from Abdullah Ibn Yazeed, from Abu Yazeed Bin Salaam, from his father Salaam Bin Abdullah, brother of Abdullah Bin Salaam, from Abdullah Bin Salaam, a slave of Rasool-Allahsaww,

(It has been narrated) from Rasool-Allahsaww: ‘(It was) in the Parchment of Musaas Bin Imranas: “O Myazwj servants! Iazwj did not Create so that Iazwj would be Numerous from a few, nor for the cordiality with them from loneliness, nor for support by them for anything which Iazwj was frustrated from, nor for the benefit, nor for repelling any harm. And even if the whole of Myazwj creatures from the inhabitants of the skies and the earth were to gather together upon being obedient to Meazwj, and worshipping Meazwj, not forging from that, night and day, nothing from Myazwj Kingdom would be increased, in Myazwj Glory, and Iazwj am more Elevated than that”.20

Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Shaybany narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhai’e, from his uncle Al Husayn Bin Yzeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Saalim, from his father, from Abu Baseer who said,

‘I asked Abu Abdullahasws about the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [51:56] And I have not Created the Jinn and the Humans except that they should worship, Imamasws said: ‘Created them for Commanding them for the worship’.

(The narrator) said, ‘And I asked himasws about the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [11:118] and they will not stop differing [11:119] Except those upon whom your Lord has Mercy; and for this did He create them, Imamasws said: ‘Created them so that they would do what would obligate Hisazwj Mercy upon them, so that Heazwj would be Merciful to them’.21

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from Abdullah Bin Ahmad Al Naheyki, from Ali Bin Al Hassan Al Tatary, from Darast Bin Abu Mansour, from Jameel Bin Daraaj,

Who said to Abu Abdullahasws, ‘May I be sacrificed for youasws! What is the Meaning of the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [51:56] And I have not Created the Jinn and the Humans except that they should worship? So the Imamasws said: ‘Created them for the worship’.22

Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkal narrated to us, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Sa’ad Abady, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al barqy, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazaal, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun, from Jameel Bin Daraaj,(The narrator) says,

‘I asked Abu Abdullahasws about the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [51:56] And I have not Created the Jinn and the Humans except that they should worship. The Imamasws said: ‘Created them for the worship’. I said, ‘In particular or generally?’ The Imamasws said: ‘No, but, generally’.23

Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Talaqany narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed Al Kufy, from Ali Bin Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazal, from his father,

Abu Al-Hassan Al-Rezaasws, said; ‘Why did Allahazwj Glorious and High did not Create the people upon various types and did not Created them upon one type?’ So heasws said: ‘So that perhaps it would occur in the imaginations that Heazwj was frustrated, nor does there occur in the imagination of an atheist an image except that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic has Created such a creature. Perhaps the sayer would say, ‘Is Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic able to Create such and such an image?’ Because he cannot say anything from that except that it is to be found in the creation of the Blessed and High, so that he would know by looking at the (various) types of Hisazwj creatures that Heazwj has Power over all things’.24

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Chapter   10

The reason due to which Adam(as) was named as Adam(as)

My father narrated to us, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Aban Bin Usman, from Muhammad Al Halby,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘But rather, Adamas was named as Adamas because heas was Created from the crust of the earth’.

The author of this book said, ‘The fourth firmament is ‘Adeym’, and Adamas was Created from it. Thus it is due to that, it is said that heas was Created from the ‘Adeym’ of the earth’.25

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Chapter   11

The reasons due to which the human being (Insaan) was named as ‘Insaan’

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Muawiya Bin Hakeem, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of our companions,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The human being was named as ‘Insaan’ because he forgets (Nasii), and Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Says [20:115] And We had Given a Covenant to Adam before, but he forgot’.26

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Chapter   12

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Created Adam(as) without a father and mother, and Created Isa Bin Maryam(as) without a father, and Created the rest of the people from their fathers and mothers

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhai’e, from his uncle Al Husayn Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Saalim, from his father, from Abu Baseer who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullahasws, ‘For which reason is Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Created Adamas without a father or mother, and Created Isaas without a father, and Created the rest of the people from the fathers and the mothers?’ The Imamasws said: ‘To let the people know the completeness of Hisazwj Power and its Perfection, and they would know that Heazwj is Able to Create a creature from a female without a male, just as Heazwj is Able to Create him from without a male or a female, and Heazwj Mighty and Majestic Did that to let it be known that Heazwj has Power over everything’.27

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Chapter   13

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Made the spirits to be in the bodies, after that these were abstract from it in an elevated place

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Chapter   14

The reason due to which Hawwa(as) was named as Hawwa(as)

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhai’e, from his uncle Al Husayn Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Abdu Hamza, from Abu Baseer,

Abu Abdullahasws, said, ‘Hawwaas was named as Hawwaas because she was Created from live (a live being). Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Says [4:1] O you people! Fear your Lord, Who Created you from a single being and Created its mate from it.29

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Chapter   15

The reasons due to which the woman was named as ‘woman’

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhai’e, from his uncle Al Husayn Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer,

Abu Abdullahasws, said, ‘The woman had been named as ‘woman’  because she was Created from the (clay of the) man – meaning the Creation of Hawwaas was from Adamas’.30

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Chapter   16

The reason due to which the women have been named as ‘women’

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir, and Abdul Kareem Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws in a lengthy Hadeeth having said: ‘The women have been named as ‘women’ because there did not happen to be affection of Adamas for other than Hawwaas’.31

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Chapter   17

Reason how the offspring began

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, and Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar both together, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Imran Al Ash’ary, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazaal, from ahmad Bin Ibrahim Bin Amaar, from Ibn Nawiya, from Zarara who said,

‘‘I asked Abu Abdullahasws about the beginning of the offspring from Adamas, how did this come about? And about the offspring from the offspring of Adamas, (2nd generation) for there are people who are saying, ‘Allahazwj the High Revealed unto Adamas that heas should get hisas daughters to be married to hisas sons, and that the people, all of them, their origin is from brothers and sisters?’

So Abu Abdullahasws said: ‘Glorified is Allahazwj, Higher than that, Higher, Greater! The one who said this is saying that Allahazwj Majestic and Mighty Created the elite of Hisazwj creatures, and the ones Beloved to Himazwj, and Hisazwj Prophetsas, and Hisazwj Rasoolsas, and the believing men, and the believing women, and the Muslim men, and the Muslim women unlawfully, and did not have the ability to Create them lawfully, and Heazwj has Taken the Covenant upon the Lawful, and the Purified, and the good. And Allahazwj has (even) Informed some of the animals that it should keep away from its sister. So when it descends upon it and when it find out that it is its sister, grabs it by its teeth until it cuts it, so it falls down dead.

Zarara said, ‘The I asked himasws about the Creation of Hawwaas and said to himasws that some people among us are saying that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Created Hawwaas from far-right rib of Adamas?’ Heasws said: ‘Glorified is Allahazwj, Higher than that, Higher, Greater! Is he saying, the one who is saying this, that Allahazwj Blessed and High did not have the Power to Create for Adamas, hisas wifeas from other than hisas rib, and made a way for the speakers from the slanderous people, to be saying that Adamas had married some of hisas part (children) to each other. Since they were from hisas rib, what is the (difference in the) Judgement of Allahazwj for them, between us and them?’

Then heasws said: ‘When Allahazwj Blessed and High Created Adamas from the clay and Commanded the Angels, so they Prostrated to himas. Then dormancy was cast over himas (Adamas). Then a creation was begun for himas (Hawwaas). Then sheas was Made to be in the place of the waist which was between hisas hips, and it is due to that, that the women act in accordance to the men. So sheas started turning and moving by hisas side. So heas paid attention to heras movement. So when heas noticed it, there was a Call telling heras to move away from himas. So when heas looked at heras, heas looked at a beautiful creature, resembling himas in image, except that sheas was a female. So heas spoke to heras, and sheas spoke to himas in hisas language. So heas said to heras: ‘Who are youas?’ So sheas said: ‘A creature. Allahazwj Created meas just as youas see’.

So Adamas said during that: ‘O Lordazwj! Who is this beautiful creature which has drawn myas affection, and the looking at heras?’ So Allahazwj Said: “This is Myazwj Maid Hawwaas. Would youas like heras to be with youas, so sheas would be affectionate to youas, and converse with youas, and obey youras orders?” Heas said: ‘Yes, O Lordazwj! To Youazwj, due to that, is the Praise, and the thanks, for as long as Ias remain’. So Allahazwj Blessed and High Said: “So address heras (for marriage) to Meazwj for sheas is Myazwj maid, and sheas is correct as well for the desire”. And Allahazwj Cast desire over himas, and before that had Taught himas the recognition.

So heas said: ‘So Ias hereby address heras (for marriage), to Youazwj, so what is Yourazwj Satisfaction for that?’ So Heazwj Said: “Myazwj Satisfaction is that youas should teach herasws the features of Myazwj Religion”. So heas said: ‘Such would be case for Youazwj, O Lordazwj, if Youazwj so Desire that’. Heazwj Said: ‘Iazwj do Desire that, and have hereby Married heras to youas, and Combined heras to youas”. So heas said: ‘Come to meas’. So sheas said: ‘But youas come to meas’. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adamas that heas should arise to go to heras, so heas stood. And had it not been for that, the women would have gone to the men until they address them to themselves. So this is the story of Hawwaas’.32

My father narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hasan Ibn Aban, from Muhammad Bin Urwa, from Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Dawood Al Yaqouby, from Al Hassan Bin Maqatal, from the one who heard Zarara saying,

‘Abu Abdullahasws was asked about the beginning of the offspring from Adamas, how was it, and about the beginning of the offspring from the offspring of Adamas, for there are people among us who are saying that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto Adamas to get hisas daughters to be married to hisas sons, and that, this people (today), all of them, their origin is from the brothers and the sister?’

So Abu Abdullahasws said: ‘Allahazwj is Higher than that, Higher, Greater! The one who said this is saying that Allahazwj Majestic and Mighty Created the elite of Hisazwj creatures, and the ones Beloved to Himazwj, and Hisazwj Prophetsas, and Hisazwj Rasoolsas, and the believing men, and the believing women, and the Muslim men, and the Muslim women unlawfully, and did not have the ability to Create them lawfully, and Heazwj has Taken the Covenant upon the Lawful, and the Purified, and the good.

And Allahazwj has (even) Informed some of the animals that it should keep away from its sister. So when it descends upon it and when it find out that it is its sister, grabs it by its teeth until it cuts it, so it falls down dead. And it also dislikes (copulating) with its mother and it acts in the same way. So how can the human being (do this) forgetting his preference and his knowledge? But, a generation from these people which you are seeing have turned away from the knowledge of the Household of their Prophetsas and took from where they had not been Ordered to take it from, thus they became what you have been seeing, from the straying and the ignorance with the knowledge. How it was with the things in the past, from the beginning of the Creation of Allahazwj what Heazwj Created, and (this is) what it will be happening, forever’.

Then heasws said: ‘Woe be upon them! Where are they? Blind from what the jurist of the people of Al-Hijaz and the jurists of the people of Al-Iraq are not differing in, that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded the Pen, so it flowed upon the Guarded Tablet with (writing) what would be happening up to the Day of Judgement, two thousand years before the Creation of Adamas, and the Allahazwj Wrote all of this, with regards to what the Pen flowed, and in all of this is the Prohibition of the sisters upon the brothers, along with whatever (else) was Prohibited. And this, we have seen from it in these four Books, in this world – The Torah, and the Evangel, and the Psalms, and the Furqaan (Quran). Allahazwj Revealed these from the Guarded Tablet unto Hisazwj Rasoolsas, all of them.

From these, the Torah was upon Musaas, and the Psalm was upon Dawoodas, and the Evangel was upon Isaas, and the Quran was upon Muhammadsaww, and there is no Permission in these (Books) for anything from that (marriage between brothers and sisters). Truth is what Iasws am saying. He is not intending, the one who is saying this and what resembles it, except to strengthen the argument of the Magians. So what is the matter with them? May Allahazwj Kill them!’

Then heasws established in narrating to us, how the offspring of Adamas began, and how the offspring began from hisas offspring. So heasws said: ‘There were born unto Adamas, seventy pregnancies (of Hawwaas), in each pregnancy was a slave and a maid (boy and a girl) up to the killing of Habeelas. So when Qabeella killed Habeelas, Adamas was aggrieved upon Habbeelas with such grief that heas cut off from the women. So heas remained not copulating with Hawwaas for five hundred years. Then hisas grief which was with himas subsided, so heas copulated with Hawwaas, and Allahazwj Granted to himas, one thing, and there was no second along with it (single birth, not twins).

And the name of Sheesas was Hibtallahas, and heas was the first one who was bequeathed to, from the human beings, in the earth. Then there was born unto himas Yafasas, not having a second with himas. So when they became aware (adults), Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Intended that their offspring to reach what you are seeing, and since the Pen had flowed from Prohibiting what Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic had Prohibited, from the sisters upon the brothers, after some time, on the Day of Thursday, Caused a Hourie to descend from the Paradise, her name being Nazalat.

So, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adamas that heas should get her married to Sheesas. So heas got her to be married to himas. Then, after some time, a Hourie descended from the Paradise, her name being Manzalat. So Allahazwj the High Commanded Adamas that heas should get her to be married to Yafas, so heas got her to be married to him. A boy was born unto Sheesas, and a girl was born unto Yafas. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adamas, when they attained awareness (adults), to get the daughter of Yafas to be married to the son of Sheesas. So heas did it. Thus the elites from the Prophetsas, and the Rasoolsas were born from their offspring. And God Forbid, that that happened upon what they are saying, from the brothers and the sisters’.33

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Chapter   18

The reason due to which Noah(as) was named as Noah(as)

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran, from Saeed Bin Janaf, from one of our companions,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The name of Noahas was Abdul Malik, and heas was named as Noahas because heas cried for five hundred years’.34

My father narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Ibn Al Hassan Ibn Aban, from Muhammad Bin Awrama, from the one who mentioned, from Saeed Bin Janah, from a man,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘The name of Noahas was Abdul A’ala, and heas was named as Noahas because heas cried for five hundred years’.35

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Chapter   19

The reason due to which Noah(as) was named as grateful servant

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr Al Bazanty, from Aban Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,

Abu Ja’farasws has said: ‘But rather, Noahas was named as a grateful servant because heas was saying, when it was evening and morning: ‘O Allahazwj! Ias testify to Youazwj, there has not been with me, an evening and a morning, from a Bounty or well being in Religion or world, so it is from Youazwj. Youazwj are One with no associate for Youazwj. For Youazwj is the Praise, and for Youazwj is the thanks for it to be upon meas, until Youazwj are Pleased, and (remain) Pleased afterwards, our God!’36

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Chapter   20

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Drowned the world, all of it during the time period of Noah(as)

Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany narrated to us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Abdul Salam Bin Salih Al Harwy,

(The narrator) says, ‘I said to Al-Rezaasws, ‘What was the reason for Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic to Drown all of the world during the era of Noahas, and among them were children and ones who had no sin upon them?’

So the Imamasws said: ‘There were no children among them, because Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Sterilised the backbones of the people of Noahas and the wombs of their women for forty years. So their offspring were cut off. They drowned and there were no children among them. Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic did not Destroy by Hisazwj Punishment, the one who did not have a sin upon him.

And as for the remainder of them, from the people of Noahas, Allahazwj Drowned them due to their belying the Prophetas of Allahazwj - Noahas, and the rest of them drowned due to their being pleased with the belying of the beliers. And the one who was absent from a matter and was happy with it, is like the one who was present and came to it (participated in it)’.37

37 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 23 H 1

Chapter   21

The reason due to which the town of Noah was named as the town of the ‘eighty

Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany narrated, from Ali Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Hashim, from his father, from Abdul Salam Bin Salih Al Harwy who said,

‘(Imam) Al-Rezaasws said: ‘When Noahas descended to the ground (from the ship), heas, and hisas children, and those ones who followed himas were eighty persons. So they built a town, where they disembarked, and called it ‘Town of the Eighty’, because they were eighty of them’.38

38 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 24 H 1

Chapter   22

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Said regarding his(as) son: “[11:46] He is not from your family”

My father narrated to me, from Sa;ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa,(The narrator says),

‘I heard Al-Rezaasws saying: ‘Iasws heard myasws fatherasws saying: ‘Abu Abdullahasws said that Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said to Noahas: “[11:46] He is not from your family because he was an opponent of hisas, and the ones who followed himas would be (considered to be) from hisas family’.

(The narrator) said, ‘And heasws asked me: ‘How are they (people) reading this Verse with regards to the son of Noahas?’ So I said, ‘The people are reading it upon two aspects – [11:46] he is (the doer of) other than righteous deeds; it was a deed, not righteous’. So heasws said: ‘They are lying! He was (indeed) hisas son, but Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Negated him from himas when he opposed himas in hisas Religion’.39

39 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 25 H 1

Chapter   23

The reason due to which Al-Najaf was named as ‘Najaf’

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhai’e, from his uncle Al Hassan Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Naeem,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Al-Najaf was a mountain, and it is the one for which the son of Noahas said [11:43] He said: I will betake myself (for refuge) to a mountain that shall protect me from the water, and there did not happen to be a mountain upon the face of the earth, greater than it. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed upon it: “O mountain! He is seeking refuge with you, from Meazwj”. So it broke itself into pieces and pieces to the city of Syria, and became small grains of sand. And after that, it became a great ocean, and that ocean used to be called the ‘Ni’ ocean. Then it became a desert (dried up – ‘Jaf’). So it was called ‘Ni-Jaf’, and the people, after that, called it ‘Najaf’, for it was easier upon their tongues’.40

40 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 26 H 1

Chapter   24

The reason due to which Noah(as) said: ‘[71:27] For surely if You leave them they will lead astray Your servants, and will not beget any but immoral, ungrateful (children)

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Hanan Bin Sudeyr, from his father who said,

‘I said to Abu Ja’farasws, ‘What is yourasws view of Noahas where heas supplicated to Allahazwj against hisas people, so heas said [71:26] And Nuh said: My Lord! leave not upon the land any dweller from among the unbelievers: [71:27] For surely if Thou leave them they will lead astray Thy servants, and will not beget any but immoral, ungrateful (children)?’ The Imamasws said: ‘Not one from among them was going to answer himas’. I said, ‘And how did heas know that?’ The Imamasws said, ‘Allahazwj revealed unto himas that no one else is going to believe from youras people except the one who has already believed. So then heas supplicated against them with this supplication’.41

41 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 27 H 1

Chapter   25

The reason due to which there came to be among the people, the Blacks, and the Turks, and Al-Saqaliba, and Gog and Magog

Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufy, from Sahl Bin Ziyad Al Admy, from Abdul Azeem Bin Abdullah Al Hasany who said,

‘I heard Aliasws Bin Muhammad Al-Askaryasws saying: ‘Noahas lived for two thousand five hundred years. One day heas asleep in the ship, so a wind descended and uncovered hisas honour. So Haam and Yaafas laughed, and Saamas rebuked them and forbid them from the laughing. And every time Saamas covered something which the wind uncovered, Haam and Yafas would uncover it.

So Noahas paid attention to it and saw them, and they were laughing. So heas said: ‘What is this?’ So, Saamas informed himas of what had happened. So Noahas raised hisas hands to the sky and supplicated and was saying: ‘O Allahazwj! Change the water (seed) of Haam until he does not beget except for the black. O Allahazwj! Change the water (seed) of Yafas!’ So Allahazwj Changed the water of their ribs.

Therefore, all the black (people), wherever they may be, are from Haam, and all of the Turks and Al-Saqaliba, and Gog, and Magod, and the Chinese, are from Yafas wherever they may be, and all the white, besides them, are from Saamas.

And Noahas said to Haam and Yafas: ‘Allahazwj has Made the offspring of the both of you as followers to the offspring of Saamas up to the Day of Judgement, because heas was righteous with meas and your (both) being disobedient to me. So the traits of disobedience of the both of you would not cease to be in the offspring of you both, in the apparent, nor would the traits of righteousness cease to be in the offspring of Saamas, in the apparent, for as long as the world remains’.42

42 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 28 H 1

Chapter   26

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Loved the farming and the grazing for His(azwj) Prophets(as)

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khatab, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Muhammad Bin Atiya who said,

‘I heard Abu Abdullahasws saying: ‘Allahazwj Loved the farming and the grazing for Hisazwj Prophetsas, from the deeds (professions), so that they would not dislike anything even a drop from the sky’.43

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazal, from marwan Bin Muslim, from Uqba,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Allahazwj did not Send a Prophetas at all unless heas grazed the sheep, in order to learn by that, grazing (herding) the people’.44

43 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 29 H 1

44 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 29 H 2

Chapter   27

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Took Ibrahim(as) as a friend

Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkal narrated to us, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Sa’ad Abady, from Ahmad Bin Abdu Abdullah Al Barqy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from the one who mentioned it who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullahasws, ‘Why did Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Take Ibrahimas as a friend?’ Heasws said: ‘Due to the abundance of hisas Prostrations upon the earth’.45

Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany narrated to us, from Ali Ibn Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Ali Bin Ma’abad, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid,

Abu Al-Hassan Al-Rezaasws has said: ‘Iasws heard Abu Abdullahasws narrate from hisasws fatherasws having said: ‘Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Took Ibrahimas as a friend because heas never wanted anyone (else), and did not ask anyone other than Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic’.46

Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Shaybani narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Asady Al Kufy, from Sahl Bin Ziyad Al Adamy, from Abdul Azeem Bin Abdullah Al Hasany who said,

‘I heard Aliasws Bin Muhammad Al-Askariasws saying: ‘But rather, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Took Ibrahimas as a friend, due to the abundance of hisas sending Salawaat upon Muhammadsaww and hissaww Familyasws’.47

Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Amro Bin Ali Al Basry narrated to us, from Abu Ahmad Bin Ibrahim Bin Kharaj Al Asam Al Basty in Masjid Tayba, from Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Al Juneyd, from Abu Bakr Amro Bin saeed, from Ali Ibn Zahir, from Hareyz, from Al Amsh, from Atiya Al Awfy, from Jabir Bin Abdullah Al Ansary who said,

‘I heard Rasool-Allahsaww saying: ‘Allahazwj did not Take Ibrahimas as a friend except for hisas feeding the food, and Praying at the night whilst the people slept’.48

My father narrated to us, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Yaqoub Ibn Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Aban Usman, from Muhammad Bin Marwan, from the one who reported it,

Abu Ja’farasws has said: ‘When Allahazwj Took Ibrahimas as a friend, then Angel of Death came to himas with the good news, in the image of a young white man with two white robes upon him, his head dripping water and heas was rubbing it. So Ibrahimas entered the house, so he met himas outside the house.

And Ibrahimas was a very honourable man, and whenever heas went out with regards to a need, locked hisas door and took its keys with himas. So, one day heas went out regarding a need and locked hisas door. Then heas returned and opened hisas door, and there was a man standing, as handsome as a man could be. So hisas honour seized himas and heas said to him: ‘O servant of Allahazwj, what made you enter myas house?’ So he said: ‘Its Lord Made me to enter it’. So Ibrahimas said: ‘Heas is more rightful of it than Ias am, so who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the Angel of Death!

Heasws said: ‘So Ibrahim was alarmed, and said: ‘You have come to meas in order to capture myas soul?’ So he said: ‘No! But, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic has Taken a servant as a friend, so I have come with its good news’. So Ibrahimas said: ‘So who is this servant, so that Ias can serve him until Ias die?’ He said: ‘Youas are him’.

Heasws said: ‘So heas came up to Sarahas and said: ‘Allahazwj has Taken meas as a friend!’49

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Bin Aban, from Muhammad Bin Awramat, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Dawood Ibn Abu Yazeed, from Abdullah Bin Hilal,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘When the Messengers came to Ibrahimas, heas came to them with the calf (a meal). So heas said: ‘Eat!’ So they said: ‘We will not eat until youas inform us what its price was’. So heas said: ‘When you eat it, so you should be saying: ‘In the Name of Allahazwj’, and when you are free (from eating it), so you should be saying: ‘The Praise is for Allahazwj’.

So Imamasws said: ‘So Jibraeelas turned to hisas companions, and they were four of them and Jibraeelas was their chief, so heas said: ‘It is right that Allahazwj has Taken this one as a friend’.

Abu Abdullahasws said: ‘When Ibrahimas was thrown into the fire, Jibraeelas met himas in the air, and heas was tumbling, so heas said: ‘O Ibrahimas, is there a need for youas?’ So heas said: ‘As for to youas, so no!’50

And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Awrama, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from one of our companions,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘When Ibrahimas was thrown into the fire, Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed it: “By Myazwj Might and Myazwj Majesty! If you were to harm Ibrahimas in the least, Iazwj will Punish you!’

And heasws said: ‘When Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said [21:69] We said: O fire! Be cool and a safety to Ibrahim, no one was able to benefit from it for three days, and could not heat their water (by it)’.51

Ali Bin Ahmad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Haroun Al Sowfy, from Abu Bakr Abdullah Bin Musa, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Al Khashaab, from Muhammad Bin Mohsin, from Yunus Bin Zibyan,

Abu Abdullahasws has narrated that Amir Al-Momineenasws said: ‘When Allahazwj Intended to Capture the soul of Ibrahimas, Made the Angel of Death to descend unto himas. So he said: ‘Peace be upon youas, O Ibrahimas! So heas said: ‘Peace be upon you, O Angel of Death! Have you brought (some) news, or news of death?’ He said: ‘But, news of death, therefore answer to it’. So Ibrahimas said: ‘Have you ever seen a friend kill his friend?’

Heasws said: ‘So the Angel of Death returned until he paused in front of Allahazwj, Mighty is Hisazwj Majesty, so he said: ‘My God! Youazwj have Heard what Yourazwj friend Ibrahimas said’. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “O Angel of Death! Go to himas, and say to him: ‘Have youas ever seen a beloved disliking meeting his beloved? Surely, the beloved loves to meet his beloved”.52

45 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 32 H 1

46 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 32 H 2

47 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 32 H 3

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52 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 32 H 9

Chapter   28

The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Said [53:37] And (of) Ibrahim who fulfilled it

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from hafs Bin Al Bakhtary,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullahasws regarding the Words of Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic [53:37] And (of) Ibrahim who fulfilled it. Heasws said: ‘Heas used to say when it was the morning and evening: ‘And myas Lordazwj is the Praised One. Ias wake up in the morning and Ias do not associate anything with Allahazwj, nor do Ias supplicate to another god but Allahazwj, nor do Ias take a Guardian apart from Allahazwj’. So heas was Named, due to that, as a thankful servant’.53

53 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 33 H 1

Chapter   29

The reason due to which Ismail(as) buried his mother(as) in the rock

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Al Abbas Bin marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al Hassan Bin Saeed, from Ali Bin Al No’man, from Sayf Bin Umeyra, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Ismailas buried hisas motheras in the rock, and made it to be (in a) high (place), and made walls around it, to stop it being trampled upon’.54

54 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 34 H 1

Chapter   30

The reason due to which Ibrahim(as) coveted the death after having disliked it

My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Ibn Isa, from Ahmad Bin Abu Nasr, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Baseer,

Abu Ja’farasws and Abu Abdullahasws have said: ‘When Ibrahimas had fulfilled hisas rituals, returned to Syria. So heas died (there). And the reason for hisas death was that the Angel of Death came to himas for capturing hisas soul, and Ibrahimas disliked the death. So the Angel of Death returned to his Lordazwj Mighty and Majestic, so he said: ‘Ibrahimas dislikes the death’. So Heazwj Said: “Leave Ibrahimas, for heas loved that heas should worship Meazwj”.

Heasws said: ‘Until (one day) heas saw a very old man eating, and what he was eating kept coming out from him (could not eat properly). So heas (Ibrahimas) disliked the life and loved the death. So Ibrahimas came to hisas house, and therein was a handsome faced (man) what heas had ever seen at all. Heas said: ‘Who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the Angel of Death’. He said: ‘Glory be to Allahazwj. Who is the one who would dislike being close to you, and visit you, and you are in this image?’ So he said: ‘O Friend of the Beneficent! Whenever Allahazwj Blessed and High Intends good with a servant, Sends me to him in this image, and whenever Heazwj Intends evil with a servant, Sends to me him in other than this image’. So he captured himas (hisas soul), at Syria. And Ismailas passed away after himas, and heas was a son of three hundred years, and heas is buried in the rock along with hisas mother’.55

Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Mutawakkil narrated to us, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Muhammad Bin Al Qasim and someone else,

Abu Abdullahasws has said: ‘Sarahas said to Ibrahimas: ‘O Ibrahimas! Youas have aged. If only youas would supplicate to Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic that Heazwj should Grant youas a son by whom ouras eyes would be delighted with, for Allahazwj has Taken youas as a friend, and Heazwj would Answer youras supplication, if Heazwj so Desires to’.

Heasws said: ‘So Ibrahimas asked hisas Lordazwj that Heazwj should Grant himas a knowledgeable boy. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto himas: “Iazwj shall be Granting youas a knowledgeable boy. Then Iazwj shall Test youas for Myazwj obedience”.

Abu Abdullahasws said: ‘So Ibrahimas remained for three years, after the good news, then came the news from Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, and that Sarahas had said to Ibrahimas: ‘Youas have aged and youras term (end of life) has drawn nearer, if only youas would supplicate to Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic to Forget regarding youras term, and that Heazwj should Extend for youas with regards to the age, so that youas would live with usas and that ouras eyes may be delighted’. So Ibrahimas asked hisas Lordazwj for that. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto himas: “Ask for the Increase in the age whatever youas like, and youas shall be Granted it”.

The Imamasws said: ‘So Ibrahimas informed Sarahas of that. So sheas said to himas: ‘Ask Allahazwj that Heazwj should not Cause youas to die until youas become such that youas would ask Himazwj for the death’. So Ibrahimas asked hisas Lordazwj for that. So Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto himas: “That is for youas!”

Heasws said: ‘So Ibrahimas informed Sarah with what Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic had Revealed unto himas with regards to that. So Sarahas said to Ibrahimas: ‘Thank Allahazwj, and prepare food, and invite the poor and the needy upon it’. So Ibrahimas did that and invited the people to it. So, among the ones who came was an old man, weak, blind, with him was an aid of his who seated him upon the meal. So the blind man extended his hand to take a morsel and his reach was around it, but his hand went on to the right and the left due to his weakness. Then he placed his hand upon his forehead, so his guide grabbed his hand and went with it to his mouth. Then the blind man took the morsel and struck his eye with it.

Heasws said: ‘And Ibrahimas looked towards the blind and to what he was doing. So Ibrahimas was astounded from that and asked his guide about that. So the guide said to himas, ‘This, what you see, is due to the weakness (of old age)’. So Ibrahimas said to himselfas: ‘Is it not that if Ias were to get older, Ias would become similar to that?’ It was then that Ibrahimas asked Allahazwj Mighty and Majestic, where heas saw from the old man what heas saw, so heas said: ‘O Allahazwj! Cause meas to die in the term which Youazwj have Ordained for meas, for there is no need for meas with regards to the increase in the age after that which Ias have seen’.56

55 Illal Al Sharaie – V 1 Ch 36 H 1

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"Wisdom is the lost property of the Believer, let him claim it wherever he finds it" - Imam Ali (as)"

Table of Contents

Title

Chapter 1 - The reason due to which the sky was named as ‘sky’ and the world as ‘world’, and the Hereafter as ‘Hereafter’, and the reason due to which Adamas was named ‘Adam’, and Hawwaas as ‘Hawwa’ , and the Dirham as ‘Dirham’, and the Dinaar as ‘Dinaar’ for counting, and the reason for which it is said to the donkey, ‘Hurr’ – (Extract)

Chapter 2 - The reason due to which the fire was worshipped

Chapter 3 - The reason due to which idols were worshipped

Chapter 4 - The reason due to which Al-Awd was named as AlKhalafa (the opposite)

Chapter 5 - The reason due to which the animals alienated from each other, from the wild animals, and the birds and the predators etc.

Chapter 6 - The reason due to which there came to be among the people ones who were better than the Angels, and there came to be among them ones who were more evil than the animals

Chapter 7 - The reason due to which the Prophets(as), and the Rasools(as), and the Proofs (Imams(asws)) came to be higher than the Angels

Chapter 8 - Allah(azwj) did not Make anything except with a thing (reason)

Chapter 9 - Reason for the creation of the creatures and the difference in their states

Chapter 10 - The reason due to which Adam(as) was named as Adam(as)

Chapter 11 - The reasons due to which the human being (Insaan) was named as ‘Insaan’

Chapter 12 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Created Adam(as) without a father and mother, and Created Isa Bin Maryam(as) without a father, and Created the rest of the people from their fathers and mothers

Chapter 13 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Made the spirits to be in the bodies, after that these were abstract from it in an elevated place

Chapter 14 - The reason due to which Hawwa(as) was named as Hawwa(as)

Chapter 15 - The reasons due to which the woman was named as ‘woman’

Chapter 16 - The reason due to which the women have been named as ‘women’

Chapter 17 - Reason how the offspring began

Chapter 18 - The reason due to which Noah(as) was named as Noah(as)

Chapter 19 - The reason due to which Noah(as) was named as grateful servant

Chapter 20 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Drowned the world, all of it during the time period of Noah(as)

Chapter 21 - The reason due to which the town of Noah was named as the town of the ‘eighty

Chapter 22 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Said regarding his(as) son: “[11:46] He is not from your family”

Chapter 23 - The reason due to which Al-Najaf was named as ‘Najaf’

Chapter 24 - The reason due to which Noah(as) said: ‘[71:27] For surely if You leave them they will lead astray Your servants, and will not beget any but immoral, ungrateful (children)

Chapter 25 - The reason due to which there came to be among the people, the Blacks, and the Turks, and Al-Saqaliba, and Gog and Magog

Chapter 26 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Loved the farming and the grazing for His(azwj) Prophets(as)

Chapter 27 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Took Ibrahim(as) as a friend

Chapter 28 - The reason due to which Allah(azwj) Mighty and Majestic Said [53:37] And (of) Ibrahim who fulfilled it

Chapter 29 - The reason due to which Ismail(as) buried his mother(as) in the rock

Chapter 30 - The reason due to which Ibrahim(as) coveted the death after having disliked it